<p>Eccleston Hill Lodge is a gateway and lodge near the village of Eccleston, Cheshire, England. It stands at the entrance of the Chester Approach to the estate of Eaton Hall. The structure is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<h2>History and critique</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by John Douglas for the 1st Duke of Westminster in 1881. The authors of the Buildings of England series describe it as "marvellous". Douglas&#39; biographer, Edward Hubbard, refers to its "ducal grandeur". The description in the National Heritage List for England concludes by describing it as "a bravura gatehouse, impressive for its grand scale, picturesque massing and rich detailing".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The gatehouse has three storeys and "a hipped roof so high and so steep as to be virtually a spire". The lowest storey is in banded stone, the upper two storeys are in red brick with diapering in blue brick and stone dressings, and the roofs have red tiles. An arched gateway forms the bottom storey and contains an ornate wrought iron gate. Under the archway is ribbed vaulting. Centrally over the gateway is a stone panel containing armorial carvings. Above this are transomed and mullioned windows and at the top is a spirelet (small spire). One each side of the panel are smaller windows. From each corner of the gateway arises a tourelle (a turret on a projecting corbel). In addition on the right is a circular stair turret with a conical roof. To the right of the gatehouse is a two-storey wing, the lower storey in banded stone and upper storey timber-framed. To the left is a small single-storey wing, also in banded stone.</p><br>
<p>Internally there is an oak spiral staircase and oak doors. The large room above the gateway contains a fireplace in Tudor style.</p><br>
<p>The Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Freight House is a historic former railway station in Stillwater, Minnesota, United States, built in 1883 as a passenger and freight depot for the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 for having local significance in the themes of commerce, communications, engineering, and transportation. Its notability derives in part from its long service to Stillwater; nearly all goods shipped to and from the city passed through this station, and up to the 1920s it hosted critical telegraph and Railway Express Agency offices. The building is also noted as a somewhat rare example of a combination freight and passenger station, and for the engineering of its internal wood construction. It is also a contributing property to the Stillwater Commercial Historic District. The station closed in 1970 and now houses the Freight House Restaurant.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The predecessor of the Milwaukee Road was the Stillwater and Hastings Railway, which was established in 1880 to connect Stillwater to Hastings, Minnesota. The Stillwater and Hastings Railway only completed 5 mi of track before being acquired by the Milwaukee Road in 1882, which completed the construction.</p><br>
<p>During this period in the 1880s, Stillwater was a busy trade center, handling traffic from miners and trappers from the north of town and from farmers and lumbermen from the west. The Milwaukee Road built the freight house in 1883, and it soon handled more than 70 railcars per day. The construction was very solid, with a limestone foundation 2 ft thick and 18 in walls that were 30 ft high. It had floorboards that were 4 in wide and 1 in thick. The heavy ceiling trusses supported a full slate roof.</p><br>
<p>The freight house operated through 1970, when the Milwaukee Road closed it. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, making it the first building in Stillwater so listed. In 1992 much of downtown Stillwater was listed on the National Register as a historic district, with the Freight House as a contributing property.</p><br>
<p>The Young House is an historic estate in Jessamine County, Kentucky, United States, in the city of Wilmore off of Kentucky Route 29 on Lexington Road. The reference to Nicholasville, Kentucky in the title of this page is incorrect. Popular legend has it that the house was the birthplace of Bennett H. Young, an American Civil War soldier, lawyer, and architect.</p><br>
<p>However, the reference given here does not substantiate this last claim. Apparently, the National Register information submitted in 1984 by Glenn Dorroh, a previous owner, correctly identifies this as the house of Dr. Brown Young (1823-1893), a fact confirmed by Jessamine county maps from 1861 and 1877 which identify the house as belonging to "Dr. B. Young." But Dorrohs file goes on to claim: "Brown Youngs father John was a Revolutionary War soldier and his son was the historian Col. Bennett H. Young." Both of these claims are false.</p><br>
<p>Bennett H. Young himself would say so as he wrote A History of Jessamine County KY (1898), which he dedicated to his father. Bennett Young identifies his father as Robert Young, whom he describes as a native of Fayette County, KY, who set up shop as a hatter (hat maker) in Nicholasville, KY (Jessamine County) from 1825 to 1848. In 1848 Robert sold the store and bought a farm. The Jessamine County Atlas of 1877 shows that the farm of R. Young was located on Kentucky Route 29 just west of what is now the Nicholasville by-pass. The home no longer stands and is the site of a subdivision, but its location is included on C. N. Bunchs map of Jessamine County Historical Homes (2003). Since Bennett would have been 6 years old by the time his father bought the farm, he clearly was not born there either; he probably was born in the town of Nicholasville in the home adjacent to his fathers hat shop.</p><br>
<p>The house pictured here (not actually on Route 29 but off it on the Lexington Road to Wilmore, KY, far further to the southwest) is indeed the former house of Dr. Brown Young. He was the son of Dr. Archibald and Martha Young, who lived in the home adjacent to the north. Archibald was apparently either the brother or the cousin of Robert Young (there was more than one), and both of them were among the several sons of John Young, who had been a revolutionary War soldier.</p><br>
<p>Brown Young married Emline Drake, whose family owned the property adjacent to the south of the B. Young house. Brown and Emline had a daughter, Adelia (b. 1846), who married a Leonard Willis. According to the Lamont Family DNA study, the Youngs may also have had a son named Samuel (b. 1849), but there is no mention of this son in the biographical sketch of Dr. Brown Young in Kentucky: A History of the State (Battle, et al., 1887), so he may have died in infancy or childhood.</p><br>
<p>The 150 acres is now a working Angus farm named Sycamore Hill in reference to the Sycamore trees that line the driveway. The property is owned by the Ashbrook family although they do not occupy the main house. It is rented as a single family home.</p><br>
<p>The property was placed on the United States National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Young House was supposedly built between 1814 and 1820, and is decorated in the Italianate style. The two-story, nine-room house has 18 -inch-thick brick exterior walls and is now a total of approximately 3600 square feet in size. It has wide-plank, ash wood flooring.</p><br>
<p>But if this date is correct, then it could not have been built by Brown Young himself, as he was born in 1823. The National Register only claims this home was built in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>The Old Homestead in Aberdeen, Mississippi was built in c.1852. It has also been known as Dr. George Augustus Sykes House and Julian T. Evans House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. The listing includes 2 contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>It is eclectic in style: its design has elements of Greek Revival architecture and also of Gothic Revival architecture. Its dominant feature on its front facade is a two-story portico in the central bay of five bays. The portico is decorated by pierced archivolts with pendants between its two columns and between the columns and matching pilasters on the house.</p><br>
<p>A barn on the property was, as of 1988, the only high style Gothic Revival ancillary building in Aberdeen.</p><br>
<p>In 1988 it was still occupied by a descendent, Mary Wallace Crocker, of Dr. George Augustus Sykes, for whom the house was built.</p><br>
<p>Xuanwu Lake  is located in Xuanwu District in the central-northeast part of Nanjing in Jiangsu, China. It is near the Nanjing Railway Station and Ji Ming Temple. Five islands within the lake are interconnected by arched bridges. A visit to the lake and its park can include up to a five-hour walk. Within the park are temples, pagodas, pavilions, gardens, teahouses, restaurants, entertainment venues, a small zoo, and other attractions. Its main entrance is the Xuanwu Gate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lake was formed, according to geologists, when tectonic plates shifted and created Mount Yanshan. A legend is that Emperor Sun Quan (182–252) settled in the Nanjing area and he had the lake created and filled with water.</p><br>
<p>During the Six Dynasties period (222–859) a garden on a basaltic site was created, which is now considered one of the most scenic places in the park. The area was used for hunting and training by the emperor&#39;s family members.</p><br>
<p>Also called "Military Rehearsal Lake", the lake was used for naval battle exercises during the Song dynasty (960–1279). The "Yellow Book Storage", or the "Yellow Register Archives", was built there in the beginning of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), and it was thus made a imperial garden and "forbidden land".</p><br>
<p>The lake and surrounding area was made into a park in 1911 after the end of the Qing dynasty. It was renamed from Yuanwu Lake Park to "Continental Park" in 1928 and officially made Xuanwu Lake Park in 1935. A plan was made for the 2005 creation of the Li Yu Cultural Park, Garden Park, Qingyinge pavilion and an immortality garden.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main entrance to the Xuanwu Lake Park is through Xuanwu Gate, which is part of the Nanjing City Wall that borders the south and east portions of the park and Ji Ming Temple is in its southwestern area. The Zifeng Tower overlooks the lake. The 444 hectare lake is 15 km in circumference.</p><br>
<h2>Park</h2><br>
<p>Xuanwu Lake Park, once an imperial lake garden, is now a city park. In the spring, the pink cherry blossom trees are in bloom. Summer visitors experience emerald lotus leaves, flowers, and "a peaceful haven of weeping willows" followed by red maples and golden ginkgos in the fall. Arch bridges connect five islands. The "Autumn Chrysanthemum of Liang Islet" has the Lake God Temple, Wenji Pavilion, the Peony Garden, Bonsai Museum, and a fish pond. The "Flowers Sea of Ying Islet" is sanctuary to more than 200 rare species of birds. An entertainment venue, including a bandstand, is located on "Green Islet." The "Willows and Smokes of Huanzhou Islet" has a playground for children. The fifth island is the "Clouds and Mists of Ling Islet".</p><br>
<p>Within the scenic park are pagodas, pavilions, tea houses, and restaurants. Entertainment options include boating, zoo, and an outdoor theatre.</p><br>
<p>It is designated a National Grade AAAA Attraction. The City of Nanjing has identified it as one of the top five parks in the city. Others are Mochou Lake Park, Qingliangshan Park, Wuchaomen Park and China Gate Castle Park.</p><br>
<p>Nanjing&#39;s Couple Park, or Qinglüyuan Xuanwu, is adjacent to the western edge of Xuanwu Lake and behind the Nanjing International Exhibition Center.</p><br>
<p>Ebenezer Presbyterian Church is located near Keene, Kentucky in Jessamine County, Kentucky, United States. The first Ebenezer Church on the site was organized by Presbyterian minister Adam Rankin around 1790. The first church building, a log structure, was replaced by a stone building in 1803.</p><br>
<p>The property was added to the United States National Register of Historic Places on June 23, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Adam Rankin founded Ebenezer Church around 1790. A log building was constructed on property owned by Ephraim January. Robert Hamilton Bishop became the second minister of the church in 1803 when Rankin left.</p><br>
<h2>Ebenezer Cemetery Association</h2><br>
<p>The Ebenezer Cemetery Association was founded in 1922 by descendants of the church founders. The group meets annually on the church grounds for picnic.</p><br>
<p>Trollhättan Falls is a waterfall in the Göta river  in Sweden.</p><br>
<p>The falls starts at Malgö Bridge in central Trollhättan, and has a total height of 32 metres, making up a large part of the 44 metre total fall of the river from Vänern to Kattegat. Before the hydroelectric powerplants was built the discharge of the falls was 900 m³/s, and the falls stretched down to Olidehålan, where the lower part of the fall was called Helvetesfallet ("Hell Falls").</p><br>
<p>Today the river is allowed through its original course only at special occasions, to regulate the waterlevels of Vänern or as a tourist attraction, such as during the Fallens dagar ("Days of the Waterfalls"), arranged on the third Friday of July every year. The discharge is then 300 m³/s.</p><br>
<p>Most of the time the falls are used in the hydroelectric powerplants Håjum and Olidan on the eastern banks of the river.</p><br>
<p>De Lamar  is a ghost town in Owyhee County, Idaho, United States. Its elevation is 5,463 ft, and it is approximately 6 mi west of Silver City. The community lies within an area governed by the Bureau of Land Management.</p><br>
<p>The community formed around the De Lamar Mine, which was established in 1888. Named for mining magnate and former sea captain Joseph Raphael De Lamar, the mine and community quickly boomed and busted, declining after 1890. Despite the community&#39;s decline, it continued to exist as a populated community for several decades; it was the location of a summer-only post office from 1917 to 1930.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the ghost town was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. Although the district included an area of approximately 1,600 acre, only four of the community&#39;s buildings remained in sufficient condition to qualify as contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Boomerang is an heritage-listed historic home in the suburb of Elizabeth Bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Built in 1926, it lies on Billyard Avenue and has been ranked as one of the most expensive houses in Sydney.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>English architect Neville Hampson designed Boomerang in 1926 for wealthy Sydney music publisher Frank Albert. Spanish-American in style, the building is named after Franks father Jacques Alberts business trademark, and Boomerang song books and mouth organs were well known in Sydney at the time. The waterfront land had originally been part of the Elizabeth Bay House Estate; this had been carved up and rows of luxurious villas and mansions had sprung up in the area. Frank Albert himself had married and built a two-storey brick house in 1902, which he demolished to make way for Boomerang.</p><br>
<p>Boomerang has been described as the oldest and finest example of Spanish architecture in Australia. Likened to a miniature version of the State Theatre, it could seat 200 people.</p><br>
<p>Albert resided at Boomerang until his death in 1962, after which the house remained closed with a caretaker until 1978. Oil recycler Peter Burnett bought the property in 1978 for $1.25 million, which was reputedly Sydney&#39;s first million-dollar house sale. Film entrepreneur and businessman Peter Fox bought it in 1981, but died when his Ferrari hit a tree at Kempsey, and it was sold to bookmaker Mark Read for $3 million 1982.</p><br>
<p>Kowloon-based expatriate funds manager Duncan Mount and his wife Sally procured the house in 1996 from Nati Stoliar, who in turn had obtained it for $6.6. million in 1993. The previous owner, Perth-based developer Warren Anderson, paid $5.1 million in 1985, but required eviction in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Mounts in turn sold to John and Julie Schaeffer in 2002. Boomerang was sold to the family of Melbourne trucking magnate Lindsay Fox for $21 million in March 2005.</p><br>
<p>The house was used as a set for the film Mission: Impossible 2. The garden was recently redesigned by Myles Baldwin.</p><br>
<h2>Sales history</h2><br>
<p>The Chesterton Commercial Historic District is a historic district in Chesterton, Indiana.</p><br>
<p>Originally called Coffee Creek and located a little to the south of the current downtown, the name was changed some time after the post office was established in 1833 to Calumet, the river to the north. When the Lake Shore and Michigan Railroad came through the area in 1852, the town moved north to the current location and began to develop. The town&#39;s name was not changed to Chesterton until after the Civil War. There appears to have been confusion with Calumet, Illinois, further up the track.</p><br>
<p>The town&#39;s location along the railroad helped industry to grow. Soon, there was a cooperage, sawmills, a washing machine factory, and an organ company. Among the better examples of the towns growth are the commercial building on the southwest corner of Broadway and Calumet Rd, and the old Chesterton Tribune Building.</p><br>
<h2>Key buildings</h2><br>
<p>All structures are historically contributing towards the Historic District Status, unless otherwise noted. An O’ rating signifies that the structure had enough historic or architectural significance to be considered for individual listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The N’ rating signifies that the structure is above average and may, with further investigation be eligible for an individual listing. The &#39;C’ or contributing rating signifies that the structure meet the basic inventory qualifications, but fails to meet individual merit, but in combination with other closely placed similar structures warrants inclusion in an historic district.</p><br>
<p>No. 1. 132–134 North Calumet Road, c. 1905, I.O.O.F Lodge – The International Order of Odd Fellows Lodge was built c. 1905, shortly after the devastating fire of 1902. The local chapter purchased this site in 1910, removed the original wood frame building, and built this brick and stone trimmed building. While of no particular style, the oriel bay, cornice work, and heavy window lintels give the building a modest Neo-Classical Revival influence. The building is a rhomboid to fit the irregular block layout of the downtown. The lodge used the upper floors of the building and rented the ground floor to shopkeepers. The wooden storefront configuration of large windows with wood frames and a recessed entry with wood single light door seems to be the original layout. The central and corner piers of brick banded with stone divide the storefront in halves. The south entry leads to a stairs to the upper floor. Taking advantage of the unusual lot, the storefront wraps around to the north side of the building with a single window to catch the eye of pedestrians up the street. The upper floor is hard fired dark brown face brick. The upper floor windows are one-over-one double hung windows with stone sills and lintels. Over the north half storefront, the second floor has a rectangular oriel window with simple classical ornamentation, and a double window to the front and narrow windows on the sides. The cornice has brick corbels at two points and a table of alternately recessed bricks, creating the impression of dentils. A stone coping caps the parapet, which crow steps down to the west or rear of the building. Datagraphic Printing is housed in the building.</p><br>
<p>No. 2. 130 North Calumet Road or 101 Broadway, c.1895, The Queen Anne commercial building on the southwest corner of Broadway and Calumet Road was built c. 1895. In 1888, Elias Thomas built a brick building here. In 1898, the store was rebuilt by Myron and Harry Smith who operated a general dry goods store called M. Smith and Son. His son Harry operated the store until his death in 1961. Harry&#39;s son Richard continued the business until 1973. This building has a flat-iron shape and the entry bay wall and second floor above is chambered. The chambered face of the storefront has double leaf wood doors with a wood transom above. The lintel over the doorway is sentimental arch shaped and has scroll shaped corner blocks supporting it. The brick corner piers flanking the door have stone banding. Steel or iron I-beam lintels with rosettes span the tops of the side storefronts, which have wood framed large windows and transoms. The flank of the building along Calumet Road has a row of small multi-pane windows set high on the wall. Each has a stone sill and sentimental arched, multi-coursed arches top each square headed window. A double row of saw tooth-laid brick link the window arches. On the second floor, full size one-over-one double hungs march along the Calumet Road side, each with a stone sill and sawtooth coursing linking the sills and arches. The arches on the second floor are header multi-coursed with a projecting extrados course forming a hood. The north elevation facing Broadway has a double window on the second floor with a single broad arch over both windows. Decorative balusters with finials stand atop the entrance chambered bay and the end of the building facing Calumet.</p><br>
<p>The bulk of the historic district in on the east side of Calumet Road. The southern end of the district starts across from Indiana Ave. It runs north to the tracks.</p><br>
<p>No. 3. 193 North Calumet Road, c.1905, The Chesterton Tribune Building is the most southern building and was built c. 1905 after the great fire of 1902. It is considered a Twentieth Century function style, similar to most of the buildings in the district. The Chesterton Tribune commissioned construction of this building in 1904 and it continues to serve as the paper&#39;s headquarters. Arthur Bowser first published the paper in 1884 * and he owned the paper when the decision was made to build this structure. It is a two-story brick commercial building. The ground floor storefront has been altered; stucco covers the kick panels and piers. An old-fashioned style simple cloth awning covers the storefront. The original steel or iron I-beam spanning the ground floor remains intact along with the decorative rosettes. The red brick walls rise above the I-beam and three windows puncture the wall, each with dressed stone sills and lintels. Centered over the windows, a stone tablet reads "The Chesterton Tribune". The elaborate parapet gives the building a slight Romanesque Revival style flavor. First, a beltcourse of sawtooth-laid brick runs across, then a frieze of alternating recessed single bricks. The raised brick corbels dividing the upper parapet into four panels mimic machicolations, with infilling of progressively corbeled courses of brick. J.G. Graessle bought the paper from Bowser in 1923, Warren Canright purchased it in 1928, and held the paper until his death in 1975. His son Warren and grandson David continue to publish the Tribune out of the building. The Tribune is the oldest existing business in Chesterton, and still publishes daily except for Sundays.,</p><br>
<p>No. 4. 139–141 North Calumet Road, 1903, The Smith Block was also built c.1905. The Smith Block was constructed in 1903. The first floor housed various businesses while the Knights of Pythias Lodge used the second floor as their meeting hall from 1903 until 1968. The local Knights of Columbus lodge has occupied the space since 1969. The first floor storefront seems to be a c. 1950 remodeling, utilizing aluminum and glass doors and muntins to hold the large plate glass shop windows. It seems that the recessed central entry configuration was retained from the original storefront design, due to the placement of the structural columns. The storefront end piers of brick and stone are original. The second floor tan face brick walls have an Arts and Crafts feeling, especially in the use of the central Chicago window. The parapet area has three recessed brick panels with stone corner tabs, the center panel has a stone tablet with raised letters spelling "SMITH BLOCK" in a simple sans-serif typeface. A table of stone corbels runs across above the panels. The rest of the parapet is plain brick.</p><br>
<p>No. 5. 137A North Calumet Road, c.1905, This building was constructed to replace one of those lost in the 1902 fire. The ground floor has been altered with residential style windows and wood siding. The upper floor has three windows, each having rock-faced stone lintels and sills. The cornice has a few simple flourishes; first comes a belt course of red terra cotta blocks with bulls-eyes cast into them, then a course of cyma reverse-molded brick topped by a rock-faced coping.</p><br>
<p>No. 6. 137B North Calumet Road, c. 1905, This small story shop was home to a barber shop until the 1960s. The wooden storefront seems to be original, with recessed kick panels below a large wood framed window, and the recessed entrance set to the north with single light wood door. The metal awning is from the 1950s. The face brick walls have two double recessed panels on the parapet and a stone coping.</p><br>
<p>No. 7. 135 North Calumet Road, c.1900, The Hoham Block is two buildings to the north and is also a c.1905 Twentieth Century Functional style. The Hoham Block is a two-story brick and stone commercial building. In 1903, Bennett Morgan constructed this building as a hardware store. He and his son Robert operated the store until Bennett died in 1974. The double recessed entrance storefront seems to have some original features and others dating from perhaps the 1930s. The iron corner piers are original, the doorways appear to be original, but the metal framing and edging for the shop windows seems to be a Moderne style replacement. The upper floor face brick walls have two bays, one wood double hung window with stone sill and lintel, and an oriel window. The semihexagonal bay has pressed metal kick panels and entablature, both have Classical swag and floral motifs. A stone tablet with raised letters spelling "HOHAM BLOCK" is centered over the window and oriel. The cornice has a lower sawtooth course of brick, a run of alternately recessed brick, fake machicolations, and a three course corbel table with stone coping. The sides of the building always stood above its neighbors and have several operable windows. Country Loft Crafts occupies this store currently.</p><br>
<p>No. 8. 133 North Calumet Road, c.1940, this one story shop was once used by neighboring Morgan Hardware. It has a c. 1940 inwardly angled shop front with aluminum and glass central door framed by brick end piers. The parapet wall is plain face brick with dressed stone coping.</p><br>
<p>No. 9. Non-contributing – 131 North Calumet Road, c.1935, After the 1902 fire, this site lay vacant until 1935, when Walter Baur built this store. The building is covered in wood siding and considered non-contributing. It may still have the original brick detailing beneath the siding</p><br>
<p>No. 10. 129 North Calumet Road, 1903, A local butcher rebuilt on this site after the 1902 fire, and used this building until the 1940s. In its craft details and original intent, this building is virtually the same as 137 A North Calumet (#5). Only the alterations make it significantly different.</p><br>
<p>No. 11. 127 North Calumet Road, 1902, Hess Restaurant and Hotel used this building from 1902 until 1920. From 1920 until recent years, Johnson Grocery Store occupied the building. Anton Insurance Company now utilizes this building and the neighboring block at 129 Calumet. 127 is a two-story, three bay commercial block. The first story shop front was remodeled in c.1950. The front is angled inward in a single plane, with two shop windows to the south and a double entry to the north. The kick panel area is brick and the doors and windows are framed in brushed natural metal (likely aluminum). The second floor has three windows with stone sills and lintels. The cornice has false machicolations and corbeled brick courses.</p><br>
<p>No. 12. 125 North Calumet Road, 1903, The same craftsman responsible for the masonry work on 129 and 137 Calumet may have built the cornice treatment for 125, since the same bulls-eye terra cotta block and cyma-reversa molded brick work links all three buildings visually. The building at 125 is different from the other two in that it is only a one-story building. The owners of Flannerys Tavern remodeled the storefront significantly in the 1940s or 50s with large banks of glass block, fixed picture windows and a metal awning. The upper parapet section of brick has been painted, and the neon sign is likely from the 1950s. The cornice has been painted also. A saloon stood here as early as the 1880s. After the fire of 1902, the owners rebuilt a saloon on this site. From 1910 to 1915, Jeffreys Motion Pictures (only silent films at the time) was located here. A pool hall used the building from about 1915 until the mid 1930s, when Flannery&#39;s Tavern opened.</p><br>
<p>No. 13. 123 North Calumet Road, This one story brick building was one of few to withstand the devastating fire of 1902. It was built as Lowenstine Clothing Store in 1898 and purchased by Charles A. Smith about 1908, when Lowenstine moved to Valparaiso. Smith operated the store until the early 1960s when it was sold to Falveys Mens Store.</p><br>
<p>Main Street Bldg Chesterton IN 2012.jpgMainStreet Building located in center of downtown Chesterton, Indiana</p><br>
<p>Chesterton Indiana Dntwn Hist District P5250017.jpgHohman Block with Smith and Tribune Blocks together at the end of the row</p><br>
<p>130 No Cal 2015-05-01 029.jpgCommercial building on the southwest corner of Broadway and Calumet Road was built c. 1895</p><br>
<p>132-134 No Cal (IOOF Lodge) 2015-05-01 023.jpgThe Independent Order of Odd Fellows Lodge was built c. 1900</p><br>
<p>139, 141, 193 No Cal 2015-05-01 018.jpgSmith Block was also built c.1905</p><br>
<p>Chesterton 2015-05-01 020.jpgChesterton Downtown Historic District</p><br>
<p>109 N Cal - Old City Hall 2015-05-01 009.jpgChesterton City Hall, c. 1902</p><br>
<p>117 & 119 No Calumet 2015-05-01 011.jpgMain Street blocks.</p><br>
<p>135 No Cal (Hoham Block) 2015-05-01 017.jpgHoham Block is two buildings to the north and is also a c.1905</p><br>
<p>193 No Cal (Chesterton Tribune) 2015-05-01 022.jpgChesterton Tribune, 1905</p><br>
<p>Chesterfield is a ghost town in Caribou County, Idaho, United States. It is located in Gem Valley at an elevation of 5,446 ft. The community includes a cemetery and former buildings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints  such as a former meeting house, amusement hall and tithing house.</p><br>
<p>Located along a route of the Oregon Trail, Chesterfield was founded by Mormon settlers in 1881. After a railroad line was built through Bancroft to the south, the community lost some of its momentum, and agricultural difficulties led to its desertion by the end of the 1930s. Today, the community is operated as a tourist attraction, with guided tours and a museum.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district and is also on the Mormon Historic Sites Foundation&#39;s Mormon Historic Sites Registry. The historic district includes 41 buildings and eight sites, spread out over an area of 2,160 acre. Some buildings in the district are examples of the Greek Revival and Queen Anne architectural styles.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1879, Chester Call and his niece’s husband, Christian Nelson, established a horse ranch in the area. Thinking this might be a good area in which to live, Chester Call told his family and friends about the area and they decided to come and settle in 1881 and 1882. Chesterfield&#39;s first settlers built their homes in the river bottom of the Portneuf River, west of present-day Chesterfield. Unlike typical Mormon settlements, which were founded by settlers sent by LDS Church authorities, the community was founded spontaneously by its first settlers. and not set up in the typical compact, grid patterned townsite. Also in 1881, the Union Pacific Railroad started to construct the Oregon Short Line Railroad to the south of Chesterfield, running through present-day Bancroft. The new settlers sold logs and railroad ties to the railroad, raising much needed cash.</p><br>
<p>In 1883, LDS Church authorities visited the area to establish a branch. While there, the visiting leaders asked their members to organize into a central village, away from the Portneuf River flood plain. The current Chesterfield townsite was chosen up along the foothills. As in traditional Mormon towns, Chesterfield was laid out in a grid pattern, consisting of thirty-five ten-acre blocks. By 1890, the LDS meetinghouse and a store were the only buildings on the townsite as a mistake in the government survey kept the land off the market for a time.</p><br>
<p>The LDS Chesterfield Ward was established in 1884 consisting of 136 people in 24 families. By 1900, the population had steadily grown to 73 families containing 418 people in the Chesterfield Ward and 150 people in the recently split off Hatch Ward.</p><br>
<h2>Historical buildings</h2><br>
<p>The LDS Meetinghouse is the most prominent and best preserved building in Chesterfield. It was built between 1887 and 1892.</p><br>
<p>The original Amusement Hall was erected in 1895, next door to the LDS Meetinghouse. The building was the center for social activities for Chesterfield. It consisted of a large room with a hardwood dance floor and a stage. Over time, the building was reduced to ruins. The Amusement Hall was restored between 1999 and 2003.</p><br>
<p>LDS members pay tithing to the Church. Few members could pay cash around 1900, so grains, vegetables, eggs and farm animals were instead paid "in kind." The Tithing Office and the Tithing Granary were constructed in 1900. Grain donations were stored in the Tithing Granary. The Tithing Office was where members came to pay their tithing and the goods were dispensed to those in need; the facility acted as a sort of a warehouse and general store.</p><br>
<p>The Nathan Barlow House, built about 1900, was the home of the postmaster and owner of the general store. After the Panic of 1907 and the harsh winter of 1907-1908, Nathan Barlow lost all of his money and moved out of the community. The home was restored in 2009, with descendants of Nathan Barlow contributing the furnishings.</p><br>
<p>The Ira Call cabin is a saltbox style home. It contained two polygamous families for a short time.</p><br>
<p>Aunt Ruth Call Davids cabin built of red pine logs with a dirt floor in 1881 and 1882. Aunt Ruth was a Native American who was adopted by Chester Calls parents in the 1860s. As the town&#39;s midwife, she delivered most of the babies.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Frank Chester Robertson, Western author</p><br>
<p>The Old Harbor Reservation Parkways are three historic roads in the Old Harbor area of Boston. They are part of the Boston parkway system designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. They include</p><br>
<p>all of William J. Day Boulevard, running from Castle Island to Kosciuszko Circle along Pleasure Bay and the Old Harbor shore.</p><br>
<p>the part of Columbia Road from its northeastern end at Farragut Road west to Pacuska Circle (formerly called Preble Circle). This section of road runs quite close to Day Boulevard for much of its length, diverging to form the northern boundary of Joe Moakley Park (formerly called Columbus Park). A discontiguous segment of Columbia Road running southwest from Kosciuszko Circle into Dorchester is not part of the parkway system.</p><br>
<p>the part of Old Colony Avenue from its southern end near Kosciuszko Circle, northward to Pacuska Circle. This section of road forms the western border of Joe Moakley Park. Old Colony Avenue north of Pacuska Circle is not part of the parkway system.</p><br>
<p>These roadways follow the southern shoreline of South Boston west from Castle Island, and surround what is now known as Joe Moakley Park. The southernmost point of these roadways is Kosckiuszko Circle. The roadways were added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 24, 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When Frederick Law Olmsted drafted his plans for Boston&#39;s Emerald Necklace of parks in the 1870s, it included the notion of a connection between Franklin Park and the coastline of South Boston and Dorchester, with a waterfront park area. The first formal proposal for the parkland that is now Joe Moakley Park and the causeway connecting Castle Island to the mainland where submitted by Olmsted in the 1880s. Implementation of these plans was delayed in part because Castle Island was still under federal military jurisdiction.</p><br>
<p>Because of this, the causeway that opened in 1892 was separated from Castle Island by a drawbridge, and it was on that that the oldest of the parkways (originally Gardner Way, now the eastern half of Day Boulevard) was opened. The island would not be fully connected until the 1930s. The development of Joe Moakley Park and the surrounding parkways was planned as part of the connection between Franklin Park and Marine Park (the eastern end of Day Boulevard), with land takings beginning in the 1890s. Old Colony Avenue was laid out in 1898 on a former railroad right-of-way, but the Strandway (now the southern part of Day Boulevard) was not completed until the 1920s. Later aspects of this work were designed by Olmsted protege Arthur Shurcliff.</p><br>
<p>The Bassin de Lampy was created during 1777 and 1781 when a dam was placed on the Lampy Valley in the Aude department in south-central France. The reservoir provides a source of water for the Canal du Midi. It was originally proposed in 1665 by the commission created by Louis XIV of France to evaluate Pierre-Paul Riquet&#39;s plan for the canal enterprise.</p><br>
<p>The original reservoir in support of the canal was at Bassin de St. Ferréol. In 1776 a link was provided between the canal and the Aude and the Canal de la Robine at Narbonne. This connection and an increase in barge traffic led to a requirement for more water.</p><br>
<p>A short time after the dam was complete, leaks were found. They were stopped by pouring a large quantity of quick lime into the reservoir. The particles of lime thus suspended and were carried into the leaking areas and filled all the openings in the joints of masonry and even into the stone.</p><br>
<p>The feeder canal from the basin to the canal is 52,552m.</p><br>
<p>The basin covers some 24 hectares and contains some 1,600,000 cubic metres of water. It flows into the Bassin de St. Ferréol.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Granville, New York, United States, is located on Main Street  in the center of the village. It is a brick building serving the ZIP Code 12832, which covers the village and surrounding areas of the Town of Granville.</p><br>
<p>It was built in the mid-1930s as part of a relief effort to provide jobs during the Depression. Like many post offices in small towns from that era designed by Treasury Department Supervising Architect Louis Simon, it uses the Colonial Revival architectural style. Within that style of post office in New York, it is distinguished by the raised parapet on its roofline, found on only two other post offices in the state, and the asymmetrical arrangement of its front facade, very unusual on a post office of that size erected at that time. In 1989 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the only building in the village of Granville yet listed.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The post office is situated on a narrow lot on the south side of Main Street. The surrounding neighborhood is entirely composed of two-story commercial buildings. There is a narrow alley between the post office and the building to its east, and a driveway on the west leading to a parking lot in the rear. It is set back from the street slightly more than its neighbors, with plantings and a flagpole in front.</p><br>
<p>It is a five-by-six-bay one-and-a-half–story steel frame structure on a raised foundation of slate on the front and cast stone on the rear and sides. The upper floors are faced in brick laid in common bond. The gabled roof is shingled in slate with raised parapets topped by stone coping at the gable ends. The bricks of the parapets are stacked to appear as a false chimney. The four-bay rear wing has a flat roof with stone coping; a loading dock projects from it.</p><br>
<p>The northern (front) facade has the recessed, arched entryway placed asymmetrically, in the westernmost bay. It is decorated with a marble scrolled keystone and end blocks. The entryway itself, level with the sidewalk, has a coffered ceiling and paneled reveal. It is topped with a fanlight.</p><br>
<p>Marble piers 9 feet (3 m) high are at either corner of the front. The window on the easternmost bay is smaller than the middle three. All have splayed brick lintels, marble keystones and sills. Above them are bronze letters reading "UNITED STATES POST OFFICE GRANVILLE, NEW YORK" and a marble beltcourse setting off the mezzanine-level eyebrow windows with metal screens. Those windows, in turn, are topped with a bracketed box cornice.</p><br>
<p>The entrance leads to a vestibule with stairs and another set of double wood doors to the lobby, which runs perpendicular to the main facade. It has flagstone floors and a similar dado around the walls to counter height. The ceiling is plaster with a molded cornice. The wooden tables and bulletin board are original.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Granvilles first post office was established in 1797, after the villages location in New York (rather than Vermont, which it borders on the east) was settled. Like many other post offices in small towns, it was located in rented space in other buildings throughout most of the 19th century, and the first quarter of the 20th.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, Congress authorized the construction of 136 new post offices in New York as an early relief measure against the onset of the Great Depression. Granville&#39;s was among them. Construction began in 1935 following the demolition of a row of stores that had occupied the site. A Maryland-based contractor did the work for the $75,000 ($ in contemporary dollars) that had been budgeted. It was completed and opened the following year.</p><br>
<p>Louis A. Simon, supervising architect for the Treasury Department, designed the building in the Colonial Revival mode, standard for post offices in small communities since the early years of the 20th century. For Granville, Simon applied the style in an unusually ornate, atypical way. In addition to features like the entry arch and the cornice, its raised parapet at the gable is found on only two other post offices in the state, Dobbs Ferry downstate and Hudson Falls nearby. And while he or other Treasury postal architects sometimes used asymmetrical facades on smaller, three-bay structures like that at Whitehall to the north, Granville&#39;s is the only Depression-era five-bay post office in New York with one.</p><br>
<p>Smith Memorial Playground & Playhouse is a free young children&#39;s playground near North 33rd Street and Oxford Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, within the borders of Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia magazine awarded it Best Playground of Philly in 2006 and 2008, calling it "a city treasure."</p><br>
<h2>Renovations</h2><br>
<p>Established in 1899 by the wills of Richard and Sarah Smith and designed by architect James H. Windrim, it occupies nearly 6 acres, and is visited by more than 1000 children per day. From 2003 to 2005, the playground was closed while a citizen&#39;s non-profit group began a rejuvenation of its play equipment and landscape, as well as a renovation of its 24,000 ft&sup2; Playhouse for very young children.</p><br>
<h3>Playhouse</h3><br>
<p>The playhouse is for children 5 and under, with any baby who can play welcome, but accompanied by at least one adult 18 or older.</p><br>
<h3>Playground</h3><br>
<p>In July 2005 the Ann Newman Giant Wooden Slide was reopened, and in August 2006 a new complex of swings called "Swing City" was opened. By 2009, an area about three football fields in size had been redone, and the outside of the Playhouse preserved, and work continues. The Giant Slide is 40 ft long, 12 ft wide, 10 ft high, and 12 children can use it at once. The playground is for children 10 and under, accompanied by at least one adult 18 or older. There is a special play area for very young children.</p><br>
<p>The Pigeon Forge Mill, commonly called the Old Mill, is a historic gristmill in the USA city of Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. Located along the West Fork of the Little Pigeon River, the mill complex currently consists of a millhouse, breastshot wheel, and milldam, all of which are operative. The mill is the only structure in Pigeon Forge listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Now a souvenir shop and restaurant, the Pigeon Forge Mill was once part of a small industrial complex established by local businessman Isaac Love (1783&ndash;1854) that included the iron forge for which the city was named. The mill was initially used to grind grain&mdash; mainly corn, wheat, and oats&mdash; for local farmers. During the USA Civil War (1861&ndash;1865), the mill powered several looms which produced cloth for the military. In the early 1900s, a generator was installed at the mill which provided electricity to the area until 1930. After the establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park a few miles to the south in 1934, Pigeon Forge gradually evolved into a tourist boom town, and the mill became a popular stop for passing tourists.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Pigeon Forge Mill is situated on the east bank of the West Fork of the Little Pigeon River, which flows down out of the Great Smoky Mountains to the south and passes through Gatlinburg and Pigeon Forge before joining the Little Pigeon River proper in Sevierville a few miles downstream from the mill. The mill is accessible via Old Mill Avenue, which intersects US 441 near the center of Pigeon Forge. A small plaza of shops, known as the Old Mill Square, has developed in the mill&#39;s immediate vicinity.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Pigeon Forge Mill is located on land that was originally part of a 151 acre plot of land granted in 1810 to Mordecai Lewis (1751&ndash;1817), a Revolutionary War veteran from Virginia. Before his death, Lewis may have erected a tub mill along the river (no longer standing). In 1817, Lewis&#39;s son-in-law, Isaac Love, built the iron forge for which the city would eventually be named. Taking advantage of a Tennessee state law that allowed tax incentives for the creation of iron works on unfarmable land, Love acquired over 7,000 acre of the surrounding country. Love mined brown hematite ore in the hills northeast of the forge, and transported the ore to the forge using ox-drawn wagons. The forge included a bloomery furnace which converted the ore into pig iron, and a 500 lb trip hammer that molded the pig iron into bar iron.</p><br>
<p>In 1830, Love and his sons built a large gristmill adjacent to the iron furnace, which was used by local farmers to grind grain. As his iron business was never profitable, Love eventually ceased iron production, and sold the entire operation to Alexander Preston in 1841. On May 29 of that same year, Isaac&#39;s son, William, established a post office for the community that had developed around the complex, giving it the name "Pigeon Forge."</p><br>
<p>Preston operated the Pigeon Forge iron works under the name "Sweden Furnace" until 1849, when he sold the mill and furnace to local businessman John Sevier Trotter (1807&ndash;1884). By 1856, Trotter was producing two tons of bar iron annually at the Pigeon Forge furnace. During the USA Civil War, Trotter&mdash; a Union supporter&mdash; installed looms in the mill to furnish uniforms for local Union volunteers (Trotters son, William, commanded a company at the Battle of Fort Sanders in late 1863). After the war, Trotter expanded the mill, most notably adding a 60-rpm, 30-horsepower wooden wheel (the current breastshot wheel was a later addition), and establishing a sawmill at the site. Trotters son, George, dismantled and sold the iron furnace in 1885, but continued operating the mill.</p><br>
<p>In December 1900, the Pigeon Forge Mill was purchased by local businessman A.T. Householder. Shortly afterward a generator was installed, providing electricity to the string of houses that occupied the river opposite the mill. The current milldam was completed in 1916. The mill was remodeled several times throughout the 20th century by subsequent owners to cater to the tourist traffic along US-441.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Pigeon Forge Mill is a three-story structure supported by 14 ft by 14 ft yellow poplar logs, which in turn rest on several pillars of large river rock (now reinforced by concrete). These pillars have helped preserve the mill through several disastrous floods, most notably floods in 1875 and 1920, both of which washed away bridges at the mill site. The interior of the mill consists of hand-hewn hemlock and oak walls, held together by hickory pegs, and the millhouses exterior walls have been weatherboarded with yellow poplar boards. The floor consists of nailed pine boards. The elongated section on the north side of the millhouse was built in the latter half of the 19th century to house the mills new sawmill.</p><br>
<p>The Pigeon Forge Mill makes use of both the 24 ft breatshot wheel that characterizes its exterior and several smaller tub wheels. Water is diverted to the wheels via the milldam, which spans the length of the river. The mill uses two two-ton French burr millstones for grinding.</p><br>
<p>Mont Gargan is a peak in the Massif central, situated in the western border of the plateau de Millevaches, between Saint-Gilles-les-Forêts and Sussac in Haute-Vienne. Mont Gargan is situated in the parc naturel régional de Millevaches en Limousin. Its occitan name is puèg Gerjant and it is the subject of numerous legends.</p><br>
<p>Mont Gargan has an altitude of 731 metres; at the summit are the ruins of a chapel built between 1868 and 1871 by Louis Joyeux with the support of the population, and dedicated to Notre-Dame du Bon Secours. The chapel became damaged but was restored in 1992 by the Haute-Vienne general council and by the Friends of Mont Gargan. Since 1986, the chapel has been the property of the Haute-Vienne department.</p><br>
<p>The summit was at one time covered with heather and gorse, which have since given way to a prairie. A stele recalls the Second World War battle of Mont Gargan fought between the German army and the maquis resistance fighters led by Georges Guingouin.</p><br>
<p>Contrary to what is widely stated in books and maps, Mount Gargan is not the highest point in Haute-Vienne; the forest of Crozat and the puy de Lauzat, 25 kilometres to the north-east near Nedde, are higher, at 777 metres above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Gargan juillet 1944.JPGStele commemorating the fighting of July 1944 in the region of Mount Gargan</p><br>
<p>Paysagelimousin.JPGView around the puy, with the massif des Monédières in the centre.</p><br>
<p>chapelle Mont Gargan.JPGMont Gargan chapel</p><br>
<p>TOR Mont Gargan.JPGPublic information point on Mont Gargan</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>The Salem Historic District is located along Main Street  and Broadway  in Salem, New York, United States. It is a 22 acre area containing 79 buildings.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings date to the 19th and early 20th centuries, and some represent important milestones in the history of Salem, possibly the oldest continuously inhabited village in the county and one of the first in the state to incorporate. The buildings that survived a devastating 1840 fire have been preserved relatively intact. In 1975 the area was recognized as a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is cross-shaped. It includes all properties on either side of Main from the former Delaware and Hudson Railroad tracks on the north end to Park Place at the south. The railroad tracks&#39; intersection with County Route 30 also serve as the western boundary, with the former county courthouse being the eastern limit along County Route 153. The boundary extends 200 ft from the roads.</p><br>
<p>This area of 22 acre includes 79 buildings, all but ten of which date to the late 19th century. The portions of Main Street and Broadway east of it are densely developed, with commercial properties near the center yielding to residences away from them. Route 153 is less dense, with mature trees forming a buffer leading to the county courthouse complex and Salem High School.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Salem was first settled around 1761 by three men from Pelham, Massachusetts, making it one of the earliest settlements in the county. The site of their log cabins, long since gone, is now occupied by the Abrams Building on North Main Street. They brought their families along three years later, and obtained a patent for 25,000 acre of land in the area from the colonial governor after promising two colonial officials that they would give those officials half of the land. At the time the area was part of a larger subdivision known as Charlotte County.</p><br>
<p>Those two officials sold their half to an Irish minister who had brought his followers to the North American colonies to escape religious persecution. This led to the construction of a schoolhouse and church, the first in the county and one of only two at the time north of Albany. The two groups lived in relative harmony.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after the Revolutionary War began, in 1777, General Philip Schuyler of the Continental Army ordered the town evacuated in the face of John Burgoynes advances into the area during the Saratoga Campaign. Some of the men stayed behind, dismantling the schoolhouses logs to erect Fort Salem around the site of the First Presbyterian Church on East Broadway. It was burned in September of that year by local Loyalists.</p><br>
<p>One local man, John Williams, raised a local regiment and distinguished himself as a leader during the war and was eventually commissioned a colonel. At the war&#39;s end he retired with the rank of brigadier general and built a large house on what is now East Broadway. For many years it was the largest and most elaborate in the village.</p><br>
<p>The oldest surviving house in the village, the Judge Blanchard home on East Broadway, is the only building to show clear influence of the Georgian architectural style common before the Revolution. It is a frame building on a raised foundation with symmetrical fenestration and a Palladian window above the entrance. It was built in 1790, before the emergence of the Federal style, exemplified by the Judge McLean home further down the street with its elliptical fanlight and sidelights at the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>The next year, Washington Academy was founded, the sixth school in the state to be formally incorporated. In 1803 Salem was incorporated as a village, one of the first in the state. Eight years later, a new school building was built on West Broadway, the first of several on the site.</p><br>
<p>Many other early buildings, and the records of Salem&#39;s early history, were destroyed by a large fire in 1840. An ultimate result of this was the construction of the Proudfit Building at the junction of the two routes, which serves as municipal offices, public library, theater and headquarters for the fire and police departments. It was built with $10,000 left to the village for the purpose by a local bank president, on the condition that matching funds be raised. The Proudfit family contributed half of those funds and the building was named after them out of gratitude.</p><br>
<p>In 1939 the school district was centralized. The last of the school buildings downtown was converted into apartments, and a new building was built on the grounds of the former Williams estate.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Judge Blanchard House, East Broadway. Dating to 1790, this is the oldest house in the village. It shows a strong Georgian influence.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church, East Broadway. Its front portico with full-height Doric columns is one of the strongest Greek Revival buildings in the village.</p><br>
<p>Proudfit Building, West Broadway and South Main Street. Built in 1890, this ornate brick and stucco structure serves as village hall, the public library and a theater. It has been considered the center of the village since it was first built.</p><br>
<p>Proudfit-Sherman House, East Broadway. The best Greek Revival house in the village has a front portico similar to the Presbyterian church&#39;s except with Ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>Washington County Courthouse, West Broadway. Except for the removal of the bell tower, this ornate brick structure is as it was when built in 1869.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In 2008 the village government created a Historic Preservation Commission to preserve the historic character of the district. It consists of five members appointed by the mayor serving staggered three-year terms. Two must be resident property owners in the district, one must be an architect with experience in preservation, and another must be a historian.</p><br>
<p>It reviews all exterior construction or renovation within the district requiring a building permit. It is also empowered to carry out surveys of the district and recommend new properties for designation as a local landmark.</p><br>
<p>Kandy Lake , also known as Kiri Muhuda or the Sea of Milk, is an artificial lake in the heart of the hill city of Kandy, Sri Lanka, built in 1807 by King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe next to the Temple of the Tooth. Over the years, it was reduced in size. It is a protected lake, with fishing banned. There are many legends and folklore regarding the lake. One such is that the small island at its center was used by the king&#39;s helm for bathing and was connected to the palace by secret tunnel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The beautiful lake in front of the Temple of the Tooth was formerly a stretch of paddy fields known as Tigolwela. It was converted to a lake by King Sri Wickrama Rajasinha in 1807. As there had been a beautiful pond named Kiri-muhuda (a sea of milk) in the middle of the Tigolwela, the lake constructed subsequently too was named, Kiri-muhuda. Deveda Moolacharya is considered the architect of the Kandy Lake. The king first built a dam across the paddy fields, starting from the Pattiruppuwa (Octogen) side, where the steps leading into the lake by the Mahamaluwa (Esplanade) are still visible, stretching across to the Poya-maluwa. The dam, upon which a roadway was constructed, allowed the king to go across to the Malwatte Vihare. According to D’Oyley, the dam was constructed between 1810–1812.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The extent of the Kandy Lake is 6,544 sq. meters. The circumference is 3.21 km. The highest depth is 18.5 meters. The parapet wall giving the appearance of a cloud, is popularly called Walakulu Bemma and measures 633.82 meters. The building located at the center of the lake, together with some ancient ruins, was known as Diyatilaka Mandapaya in the past. It is believed that the Kings used this pavilion for relaxation.</p><br>
<p>The Kandy Lake offers a place for a stroll or a jog. The shady path surrounding the lake provides a view of the hills and the town. The Malwatte temple, one of the two head temples of the Siyam Nikaya sect of Theravada Buddhism, is also located overlooking the lake.</p><br>
<h3>Jayatilleke Mandapaya</h3><br>
<p>Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe built a dam for the purpose of reaching the opposite side of the lake. The king removed the soil from both the palace end and the Malwatte Vihare end, leaving an island behind. At first this island was used as the Royal Summer House for the Queen and the ladies of the court to relax. The British later used it as an ammunition store and added a fortress-style parapet around its perimeter.</p><br>
<h3>Walakula Bamma</h3><br>
<p>The lake is surrounded by a wall called Walakulu Bamma (වළාකුළු බැම්ම) or Clouds Wall, which was built to increase the beauty of the Kandy Lake. It extends around half of the lake and has taken one skilled architect to build it. Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe was unable to complete the wall before the city was captured by the British and he was forced to relinquish the Kandian kingdom. The Walakulu Bamma still lies unfinished. The triangular shaped holes in the wall were used in the past for lighting oil lamps on festival days.</p><br>
<h3>Ulpange</h3><br>
<p>Ulpange or Queens Bathing Pavilion is situated partly in the waters of the Kandy Lake. The wives and concubines of Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe used the pavilion when bathing in the lake. After the British captured the city they added another storey and used the building as a library. It is currently used as a police post.</p><br>
<h2>Facts about the lake</h2><br>
<p>Spill level above: 1740 M.L.S</p><br>
<p>Capacity: 704 acre-feet</p><br>
<p>Perimeter of the tank: 3.4 km</p><br>
<p>Maximum depth: 18 m</p><br>
<p>Length of the decorative wall: 630 m</p><br>
<p>Catchment area: 1.045 Q.M.I</p><br>
<p>There are a variety of different trees planted around the lake including Nuga trees, palm trees, fruit trees, Sal trees and Mara trees. Some of the trees are about 74 years old. The trees are now maintained by the Municipal Council of Kandy.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of bird species found on the lake, including:</p><br>
<p>Diyakawa (Indian cormorant)</p><br>
<p>Koka (white egret crane)</p><br>
<p>Ali koka (wood stork)</p><br>
<p>Karawal koka (pelican)</p><br>
<h2>Pollution</h2><br>
<p>Pollution of the lake is a serious problem. The government and the surrounding schools are trying to decrease the problem by putting signs and operating environmental societies. Until 1960 the Kandy water board used the lake to distribute water to the surrounding areas. They stopped pumping water from the lake because of the increase in pollution.</p><br>
<p>Yavne-Yam  or Minet Rubin  is an archaeological site located on Israel&#39;s southern Mediterranean coast, about 15 km south of Tel Aviv. Built on eolianite hills next to a small promontory forming the sole anchorage able to provide shelter to seagoing vessels between Jaffa and the Sinai, Yavne-Yam is notable for its role as the port of ancient Yavne. Excavations carried out by Tel Aviv University since 1992 have revealed continuous habitation from the second millennium BCE up to the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Bronze and Iron Ages</h3><br>
<p>Surveys and excavations undertaken at Yavne-Yam during the 1950s and 1960s have revealed the existence of a large fortified site, consisting of a square enclosure with freestanding ramparts and marked by fortified gates, dating from the Middle and Late Bronze Age, during the second millennium BCE. This has also been confirmed by underwater surveys undertaken in the harbor, which have uncovered pottery characteristic of the period. a name reminiscent of the Aramaic word for port. It was inhabited during the late Iron Age, as testified by the Egyptian pottery and scarabs found at the site, as well as the discovery of Eastern Greek Pottery and several Hebrew-inscribed ostraca in nearby Mesad Hashavyahu. During the late 7th century BCE, the region apparently passed from Egyptian to Judean control, and was populated by Israelites, Canaanites, Phoenicians and perhaps even Greeks.</p><br>
<h3>Hellenistic Port</h3><br>
<p>The material culture uncovered at the site suggests that under Persian rule, Yavne-Yam was inhabited by Phoenicians from Sidon, also revealing a strong Hellenic influence. Alexander the Great&#39;s conquest of the Levant magnified such effects, and Yavne-Yam displays the prosperity and increased Hellenization of the population resulting from the political changes brought about by the Macedonian conquest and subsequent Ptolemaic and Seleucid control.</p><br>
<p>It was this Hellenization which eventually led to the Seleucid-Jewish conflict of the 2nd century BCE. What begun as tensions between hellenized and observant Jews, in 166 BCE erupted into an open revolt against the Seleucid Empire. Cities that had been thoroughly hellenized, such as Yavne (Iamnia) and Yavne-Yam, suffered the brunt of the Maccabean Revolt. According to 2 Maccabees, Judas Maccabeus, first leader of the revolt, "attacked the people of Jamnia by night and set fire to the harbor and the fleet, so that the glow of the light was seen in Jerusalem, thirty miles distant." Discoveries at the site and elsewhere, however, cast doubt on this account. During a preliminary survey conducted in December 1986, a fragmentary Greek inscription was found in Yavne-Yam, documenting correspondence between Seleucid king Antiochus V Eupator and the local Sidonian community. Dated to the summer of 163 BCE, it reveals the longstanding cooperation of the town with Seleucid authorities, at a time when inland Yavne was known as a base for operations against the rebels. Furthermore, the discovery on Delos of altars erected by the citizens of Iamnia and the persistence of Greek ware in the archaeological record have led archaeologists to believe Yavne-Yam had in fact resisted Maccabean attacks and remained a free Greek city for decades after the rebellion. It was eventually sacked and incorporated into the Hasmonean state in the late 2nd century BCE, during the rule of John Hyrcanus or Alexander Jannaeus.</p><br>
<h3>Roman, Byzantine and Islamic</h3><br>
<p>Jewish independence in Judea came to an end in the 1st century CE and the region gradually came under Roman control. Although archaeological remains from the Roman period are scant, Yavne-Yam is nevertheless mentioned in contemporary literature, including the works of Josephus, Pliny the Elder and Claudius Ptolemaeus. It re-emerged as a prosperous center of commerce during the Byzantine period, when it was populated by Christians, Jews and Samaritans. In the 5th century, Empress Aelia Eudocia sponsored the construction of a church and a hostel in the town, which was also the residence of Peter the Iberian, a Georgian Orthodox saint.</p><br>
<p>Following the Islamic conquest of the 7th century, the port became known by various names such as mahuz Yibna (harbor of Yavne), mahuz a-tani (second harbor, the first being Ashdod-Yam), or Minet Rubin (harbor of Rubin), after the nearby traditional burial place of biblical Reuben. These appear in works of prominent Arab geographers Al-Muqaddasi and Muhammad al-Idrisi.</p><br>
<p>For reasons unknown, the site was abandoned in the 12th century. It is nevertheless depicted in several medieval maps such as Abraham Ortelius&#39; 1584 map, where it appears as Jamnia Iudeorum Portus (Jamnia, the Jewish harbor).</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>Surveyed and explored during the 1950s and 1960s, Yavne-Yam was first excavated between 1967 and 1969 by Tel Aviv district archaeologist Jacob Kaplan. Concentrating on the perimeter fortifications, Kaplan unearthed a number of superimposed gates dating from the Middle and Late Bronze Ages. Excavations by Tel Aviv University resumed in 1992, under the direction of Prof. Moshe Fischer. These are still ongoing and are centered on the coast, bay and promontory. In 2007, a 6th-century Byzantine villa featuring a mosaic floor depicting trees and fruit baskets was uncovered at the site. Excavations on the promotory in 2011 revealed a Roman-style bathhouse within the 9th century Early Islamic period fortifications. The use of Roman technology at such a late date was previously unknown. The bathhouse is also the only known example of a bathhouse in an Islamic fortress.</p><br>
<p>Since 1980 underwater surveys have also been taking place in the harbor. These have revealed shipwrecks, anchors and fishing devices, all suggestive of intense maritime activity from the Bronze Age to modern times. In 2008, a lifeguard diving at the site found an Ophthalmos, a 4th or 5th century BCE marble discus measuring 20 cm in diameter. Resembling an eye, these adorned the bow of ancient ships and were supposed to protect the ships from the evil eye, envy and danger, while also assisting navigation.</p><br>
<p>Prominent finds from Yavne-Yam and its vicinity are on display at Beit-Miriam, the museum of nearby Kibbutz Palmachim.</p><br>
<p>The J. C. Stribling Barn is a brick barn built ca. 1890 to 1900 at 220 Isaqueena Trail in Clemson, South Carolina. It is also known as the Sleepy Hollow Barn or the Stribling-Boone Barn. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on October 22, 2001.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jesse Cornelius Stribling (1844–1927) was a private in the Confederate Army. He served with the 1st South Carolina Rifles (Orrs Rifles) and the Rutledge Mounted Riflemen. After the war, he married Virginia Eliza Hunter (1847–1934). During the violent Reconstruction period, Stribling was an officer in the Red Shirts, a white military club focused on voter intimidation. He was a progressive farmer. Along with W.D. Warren of nearby Ashtabula, Stribling brought Jersey cattle into South Carolina in 1873. He also introduced Percheron horses into the state. He was the president of the Pendleton Farmers Society from 1908 until he died in 1927.</p><br>
<p>Sleepy Hollow is the name for a farm between Clemson and Pendleton. The house was originally built in 1837 to replace a log cabin. Sleepy Hollow was sold to Virginia Stribling in 1887. The Stribling family lived at Sleepy Hollow until 1930. In 1890, the original barn and other out buildings were lost and the house was damaged in a fire. The house was repaired and a new barn was built.</p><br>
<p>Sleepy Hollow is now a bed and breakfast. The grounds are rented for weddings and other events.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The barn is a three-story, brick bank barn. Bank barns are less common in the Southeastern United States than in New England or the Midwest. Its brick construction is considered unusual for South Carolina barns. This was built after the fire that destroyed the plantation&#39;s outbuildings around 1890. It was built as early as 1890 or as late as about 1900.</p><br>
<p>The barn has a stone foundation. The barn is 70 ft long and 50 ft wide. Its hand-made, native bricks were fired in a kiln on the plantation. Mud mortar was used to lay the bricks in six to one common bond.</p><br>
<p>The barn has a jerkin head, V-crimp metal roof that is supported by eight square wooden piers and timber trusses. There is a clerestory, center ridge vent for light and ventilation. A base, which may have been for a cupola, is in the center of the ridge vent.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is in the center of the west elevation at the second level of the barn. It is an arched entry with brick pilasters. There is a wooden keystone and a lozenge-shaped vent above the arch. There are metal-track sliding, lattice doors on the north and south elevations on the first and second levels. Two lozenge-shaped vents are on north and south elevations near the jerkin-head roofline. There are fourteen windows with a six-light wooden sash.</p><br>
<p>The first level was for fifty Jersey cows while the second level was for the horses. The latter had four trap doors that served as hay chutes for the cattle. The third level was for storage and included platforms at each end of the barn for drying seeds.</p><br>
<p>To use the barn for recreation, the central section of the third level and the drying platforms were removed and overhead lighting was installed. A new wooden floor was put on the second level and concrete was poured over the dirt floor at the entrance. Also a concrete retaining wall about 2.5 ft was put along the rear foundation.</p><br>
<p>Additional pictures of the barn are available.</p><br>
<p>Saint Andrews Episcopal Church, also known as Calvary-Saint Andrews Presbyterian Church, is a historic Episcopal church complex located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. Designed by Richard M. Upjohn, it was constructed in phases between 1873 and 1880. The Gothic Revival style brick and stone complex consists of two interconnected sections: the church, composed of the church, bell tower, and entry porch, and the original rectory and chapel. The high altar and window were designed by George Hausshalter. The window was made by the Tiffany studios of New York. In 1968, the Saint Andrew&#39;s Episcopal Church merged with Calvary Presbyterian Church to form Calvary St. Andrews, a Presbyterian parish.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. It is located in the South Wedge Historic District.</p><br>
<p>North Deer Island is an island and wildlife sanctuary located in Hitchcock, Texas, in western Galveston Bay, about halfway between Galveston Island and Tiki Island in the USA state of Texas. The 144 acre natural island is one of the few natural islands remaining in West Galveston Bay. It is an important waterbird nesting site on the Upper Texas Coast and studies have shown that up to 40,000 pairs of birds nest on the island each year.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration projects</h2><br>
<p>In 2009, a consortium of public and private partners, including the Houston Audubon Society and the Harris & Eliza Kempner Fund, were awarded the Coastal America Partnership Award for recognition of their financial support in the creation of a breakwater to help slow erosion to the island. The partnership also helped fund restoration of wetlands that encompass the island. The award is only environmental honor of its kind given by the president of the United States.</p><br>
<p>The Oriental Basin, also known as the Libres-Oriental Basin, Oriental-Serdán Basin or San Juan Plains  is an endorheic basin in east-central Mexico. It covers an area of 4,958.60 square kilometers, lying in the states of Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Veracruz.</p><br>
<p>The climate is temperate and subtropical, semi-arid to subhumid, with summer rains. Average annual temperature 12-16 °C, and annual total precipitation is 400–800 mm. The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt pine-oak forests ecoregion covers the mountains surrounding the basin to the west, north, and east. The mountains to the north and west, including the Cofre de Perote volcano, leave the valley in a rain shadow, and the xeric shrublands of the Tehuacán Valley matorral ecoregion occupies the center of the basin, and extend south into the Tehuacán and Cuicatlán valleys. Vegetation includes pine-oak forests and pine-fir forests at higher elevations, with dry scrub pine forests, oak forests, juniper scrub, yucca scrub, halophytic vegetation, and grassland. It includes the Llanos de San Juan and Llanos de San Andres.</p><br>
<p>The basin contains a several shallow, mostly alkaline lakes. Two ephemeral playa lakes, Totolcinco (El Carmen or Totolcingo) and Tepeyahualco (El Salado), lie in the lowest part of the basin (2300 meters elevation), and remain dry for most of the year. The basin includes six maar lakes, locally called axalpazcos, lying in shallow volcanic craters and sustained by underground water. A northern group of lakes – Alchichica, Quechulac, Atexcac, and La Preciosa – lie southeast of Lake Tepeyahualco, and the southern lakes, Aljojuca and San Miguel Tecuitlapa, lie southeast of Lake Totolcinco. The basin also has five dry maars, called xalapazcos.</p><br>
<p>Chief towns in the basin include El Carmen Tequexquitla, Tlaxcala; Perote, Veracruz; and Oriental, Puebla.</p><br>
<p>Groundwater levels in the basin have been dropping in recent years because of over-exploitation for irrigation and destruction of natural recharging areas. In addition, the government is considering pumping freshwater from the Oriental basin to Mexico City to the west and Puebla to the south.</p><br>
<h2>Maar lakes</h2><br>
<p>The maar lakes, or axalpazcos, of the Oriental Basin are home to a closely knit set of endemic species, one at each crater lake. Some of these include the Atherinopsid fishes Alchichica silverside (Poblana alchichica), La Preciosa silverside (P. letholepis), Chignahuapan silverside (P. ferdebueni), and Quechulac silverside (P. squamata). Three species of dace (Evarra bustamantei, E. eigenmanni, and E. tlahuacensis) formerly native to the basin are presumed extinct since about 1970.</p><br>
<p>The WWF-Nature Conservancy system of freshwater ecoregions includes the Oriental Basin with the Valley of Mexico, Lerma River, and Lake Chapala in their Lerma-Chapala freshwater ecoregion, based on faunal similarities, especially among the Atherinopsids.</p><br>
<h3>Lake Alchichica</h3><br>
<p>Lake Alchichica (19&deg;25&prime;N latitude, 97&deg;24&prime;W longitude) in Tepeyahualco (municipality), Puebla, is ecologically unique, with stromatolite deposits and a high degree of endemism. The biota has adapted to extreme conditions characterized by high ionic concentrations of water and poor nutrient content.</p><br>
<p>Lake Alchichica is the largest of the maar lakes, lying at an elevation of 2320 meters. It is Mexico&#39;s deepest natural lake, with a maximum depth of 64 meters, and a mean depth of 38.6 meters. The lake has an area of 1.81 square kilometers. It is both saline and alkaline (pH 8.7-9.2).</p><br>
<p>The dominant stromatolite species are the spongy type Enthophysalis atrata, Enthophysalis sp. Calothrix cf. Parletina and Calothrix sp. and the columnar stromatolites Enthophysalis lithophyla and Nitzchia sp. In the deep parts of the lake, abundant cladophores develop on the spongy stromatolites, with many cyanobacterial epiphytes Chamaesiphon halophilus, Heteroleibleinia profunda, Mantellum rubrum and Xenococcus candelariae. 23 genera of phytoplankton have been found: fourteen genera of Chrysophyta, five of Cyanophyta and four of Chlorophyta. The dominant species throughout the year are Agmenellum sp., Amphora sp., Chaetoceros similis, Coscinodiscus sp., Cyclotella striata, Nodularia spumigena, Stephanodiscus niagarae and Synechocystis sp. The best represented species best of vascular plants in the axalpazcos are rooted emergent hydrophytes Eleocharis montevidensis, Juncus andicola, J. mexicanus, Phragmites australis, Scirpus californicus and Typha domingensis, the submerged rooted hydrophytes Cyperus laevigatus, Potamogeton pectinatus and Ruppia maritima, and the free-floating hydrophyte Lemna gibba.</p><br>
<p>Animals endemic to Lake Alchichica include the Taylor&#39;s Salamander (Ambystoma taylori), the fish Poblana alchichica (Alchichica silverside, Charal de Alchichica), and the isopod Caecidotea williamsi.</p><br>
<p>Immaculate Conception Roman Catholic Church Complex is a historic Roman Catholic church complex located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. The complex consists of five buildings: the church , former rectory , the former parochial school , the currect rectory , and garage .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>ImmaculateConceptionChurchComplex.JPGComplex</p><br>
<p>ImmaculateConceptionChurchEntranceAndSteeple.JPGEntrance and steeple</p><br>
<p>ImmaculateConceptionChurchSouthSide.JPGSouth side</p><br>
<p>ImmaculateConceptionOldRectoryRochesterNewYorkFrontView.JPGOld rectory, front view</p><br>
<p>ImmaculateConceptionOldRectoryRochesterNewYorkSideView.JPGOld rectory, side view</p><br>
<p>ImmaculateConceptionParochialSchoolRochesterNewYorkEastView.JPGParochial school, east view</p><br>
<p>ImmaculateConceptionParochialSchoolRochesterNewYorkSouthView.JPGParochial school, south view</p><br>
<h2>Notable past students</h2><br>
<p>Mary E. Clarke, past student of the former parochial school - was a director of the Women&#39;s Army Corps and the first woman to attain the rank of major general in the United States Army.</p><br>
<p>The Quincy Mine No. 2 Shaft Hoist House is an industrial building located north of Hancock, Michigan along US Highway 41 within the Quincy Mining Company Historic District. The Hoist House contains the largest steam hoisting engine in the world, which sits on the largest reinforced concrete engine foundation ever poured. The shaft hoist house was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1969 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Quincy Mining Company was first organized in 1846, and incorporated two years later, to mine the then-recently discovered Portage Lake copper formations. It wasn&#39;t until 1856 that the mine hit upon their most productive lode, and it took until 1862 before the first dividend was paid. However, after that time, the Quincy Mine was a reliable investment, paying dividends every year from 1867 until 1921.</p><br>
<p>In the early part of the twentieth century, the shafts at Quincy Mine were increasing in depth at a prodigious rate as the company pushed farther underground in search of copper. Between 1905 and 1920, the depth of the principal shafts increased from 5000 feet to over 7000. The requirements to lift rock to the surface from ever-increasing depths severely strained the capabilities of the company&#39;s mine hoist equipment. By 1916, the hoist servicing the number 2 shaft had reached its depth limit. Rather than abandon the shaft or eke out a little more depth by retrofitting the existing hoist, Quincy hired the Nordberg Manufacturing Company and Bruno V. Nordberg to design a new hoist engine at a cost of $160,000. It would be the largest mine hoist in the world.</p><br>
<p>Quincy contracted for delivery of the Nordberg engine in early 1917, but World War I intervened, delaying receipt until late 1919. at a cost of $43,000 for the foundation and $53,000 for the superstructure. Installation of the hoist began in December 1919; it took until November 1920 before the hoist was fully operational. The hoist operated from 1920 until the mine closed in 1931,</p><br>
<p>The building and hoist were restored in 1968 and are open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Quincy Mine No. 2 Shaft Hoist House is a rectangular structure, faced with red brick veneer, The building is particularly decorative for a hoist house, containing an inordinate number of windows and, originally, a green glazed tile roof. By 1978, the green tile had been removed. The design of the building included large doors, open interior space with no columns, and an overhead crane to facilitate the installation of the hoist. The reinforced concrete foundation supporting the building and the hoist engine is particularly notable: it contains 32,000 yd3 of material and was reputedly the largest block of reinforced concrete ever poured for such a purpose. It was one of the first very large reinforced concrete buildings ever built.</p><br>
<p>The hoist inside measures 60 by weighs 1,765,000 lb, and could pull a skip with 20,000 lb of rock at 36.4 mph.</p><br>
<p>Bandarpunch is a mountain massif of the Garhwal division of the Himalayas, in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Widely known as Bandarpoonch, which literally means "Tail of the monkey". This is a reference to Hanuman, the monkey god and mighty warrior, who went to its summit to extinguish his tail when it caught fire in the battle alongside King Rama to rescue the Princes Sita from the evil forces of the demon Ravana in Lanka. Bandarpoonch massif has 3 peaks. To the west above Yamnotri is White Peak . Almost 5 km east is Bandarpoonch Peak  and about 4 km to the north-east of that is Kalanag  lit. black serpent, commonly known as Black Peak.</p><br>
<p>Bandarpunch is strategically located at the western edge of the High Himalayan Range where it turns the corner to the northwest. It is part of the Sankari Range and lies within the Govind Pashu Vihar National Park and Sanctuary. It is a major watershed for the headwaters of the Yamuna River, whose source lies above Yamnotri, on the west end of the massif below White Peak. Yamnotri is the westernmost of the four most sacred pilgrimage places (char dham) and destination for thousands of pilgrims annually. On the north side of the Bandapoonch massif, the 12 km long glacier from its flanks feeds the Ruinsar Gad which flows into the Yamuna at Seema. On the south side, the glacier at the base of Bandarpoonch peak feeds the Hanuman Ganga River which joins the Yamuna at Hanuman Chatti.</p><br>
<p>Maj Gen Harold Williams led the first successful climbing expedition in 1950. The first team to summit Bandarpoonch Peak comprised legendary Mountaineer Tenzing Norgay, Sergeant Roy Greenwood and Sherpa Kin Chok Tshering.</p><br>
<p>Þjórsárdalur  is a valley in Árnessýsla county in Iceland that lies between mount Búrfell alongside the river Þjórsá to the east and mount Skriðufell to the west. The valley is quite flattened over and pumicey after repeated eruption of the nearby volcano Hekla as well as other volcanoes in the vicinity like the Vatnaöldur volcanic system which produced Iceland&#39;s biggest known lavafield Þjórsá Lava  in prehistoric times or the Grímsnes volcanic system with the crater Kerið. Landmarks in Þjórsárdal include Þjóðveldisbærinn Stöng, Gjáin, Háifoss, and Vegghamrar.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and Nature</h2><br>
<p>Þjórsárdalur valley is divided into two valley floors: Rauðukamba in the eastern part; and Bergólfsstaðaá (towards the river Sandá) in the west.</p><br>
<p>On the inside of both valleys is the mountain Fossalda, and east of the river Fossá is Stangarfell. The next mountain towards the southwest is Skeljafell; after that, Sámsstaðamúli, and finally Búrfell (Þjórsárdal). The valleys join at the south end. West of Fossöldu are the mountains Flóamannafjöll, then Dímon, Selhöfði, Skriðufell and Ásólfsstaðafjall. Under Hagafjall are the capes Bringa and Gaukshöfði.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>In the corner of the valley besides Ásólfsstöðum and Skriðufelli is a large forest. This area of Þjórsárdals is lush with vegetation, as are Búrfell&#39;s woods. Yet Landgræðsla Ríkisins (the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland) has continued to conduct extensive soil reclamation on the grounds covered by pumice with among other things lupins and grass species. Western Fossár has pumice as well that is cultivated, mostly within the enclosure of highland pasture called Gnúpverjaafréttur, but there are different grass species, including a lot of sea lyme grass. Landsvirkjun (Iceland&#39;s national electricity company) has cultivated the area around Búrfellsvirkjun and Þjóðveldisbærinn, and one can find there, among other things, a golf course.</p><br>
<p>In Gjáin and at Kjóaflöt there is a lot of vegetation, and it is especially scenic in Gjáin, since the Rauðá river winds through the cliff the ravine. There is a lot of angelica around the spring, as well as many species of moss and grass.</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>The farm of Þjóðveldisbærinn Stöng which was covered by the ashes of mount Hekla&#39;s 1104 eruption has been excavated in 1939.</p><br>
<p>It was rebuilt at about 10 km to the south of its former place near Burfellsvirkjun hydroelectric power station as the farm museum Þjóðveldisbærinn Stöng so that now one can see how fireplaces and other house fixtures looked during the Saga Age (ca 930-1030).</p><br>
<p>A footbridge goes across the river Rauðá right at the bottom of the original place of Stöng. From Stöng it is popular to walk on foot to Gjáin.</p><br>
<p>Þjórsárdals&#39;s hot spring is west of the waterfall, east near Rauðukömbum. There is a hot spring bath, and an abundance of hot- and cold water that is freely flowing into the hot spring. Inside the valley is Háifoss, one of the highest waterfalls of Iceland. Skeiða- og Gnúpverjahreppur has provided a viewing platform west of Stangarfelli which is situated on the way from Hólaskógur.</p><br>
<p>Near the farm museum is Hjálparfoss, which is a split waterfall in a dell that joins together in Búrfell.</p><br>
<p>Vegghamrar are rocky cliffs midway between Hallslaut and Rauðukamba. Under them lies the ancient Sprengisandsleið, and the mountain men Gnúpverja ride through here on the way to the mountains.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph Roman Catholic Church and Rectory was a historic Roman Catholic church and rectory located at 108 Franklin Street, Rochester in Monroe County, New York. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The structure&#39;s shell has been preserved as monument after a disastrous fire.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church was originally built 1843-1846 in the simple monumental tradition of the Greek Revival style, with a gray stone facade of a series of arched bays on the exterior facade. The simple church was enlarged in 1849 into a cruciform plan that could seat a thousand parishioners. The interior was remodeled in 1895. The first steeple was added in 1859 and replaced with a tower in 1909, designed by Joseph Oberlies.</p><br>
<p>The rectory, or community house, was constructed in 1870 in the Italianate style.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s served as the mother church for the German Catholic churches in the region. Many of these satellite churches and schools lured away parishioners and students, causing building replacements to the complex and finally closure and sale in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The church suffered a serious fire in October 1974. The fire destroyed the church, except for the tower and walls, forcing the parish to abandon the ruin. The Landmark Society of Western New York, the State University College at Brockport, city officials, members of the Downtown Development Corporation, and the original Roman Catholic religious order all supported preserving the bell tower and three extant bays (front facade) as a monument encased in a park, named St. Joseph&#39;s Park. The conversion was carried out by Landmark Society of Western New York in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Canteen Kopje is an archaeological site, formally protected as a grade 2 provincial heritage site, and approved in 2017 for re-grading to national status, situated outside Barkly West in the Northern Cape, South Africa. The place was previously known as Klipdrift, meaning stony drift, a translation from a still earlier !Ora name, !aaub. Canteen Kopje is best known for its long and exceptionally rich Earlier Stone Age sequence, spanning circa &gt;0.5 to 1.7 million years, occurring within gravels exposed in late nineteenth/early twentieth century mining pits. Also attracting attention are more recent archaeological levels in the overlying Hutton Sands, which contain material known as Fauresmith, Middle Stone Age, Later Stone Age, and late Iron Age with evidence of protocolonial/colonial contact and interaction, probably, with nineteenth century diamond diggers.</p><br>
<p>The importance of Canteen Kopje as a heritage site was recognized, and a 9 hectare area known as Erf 91 was proclaimed as a protected reserve in 1948. Gideon Retief, Mining Commissioner of Barkly West from 1942 to 1951, was instrumental in preserving the site and creating the first open air exhibit here. Subsequently, in 2000, information panels were erected by the McGregor Museum. These were refurbished in 2016. A walking trail was laid out for visitors to view the early diamond diggings and archaeological research sites. The Barkly West Museum contains further information and examples of artefacts from the site, while material excavated by archaeologists is housed principally by the McGregor Museum, the approved archaeological repository for the Northern Cape Province in nearby Kimberley.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 the protected heritage site was directly threatened after the Department of Minerals and Energy issued a permit for part of the site to be mined. Although a heritage permit had not been issued by the South African Heritage Resources Agency, mining commenced on 18 March 2016. An urgent interdicted was granted by the Northern Cape Division of the High Court of South Africa on 19 March, being made final on 19 April 2016.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s the archaeologist C. van Riet Lowe predicted: “When the last diamond claim has been abandoned, archaeologists throughout the world will be interested in Canteen Kopje, in the Vaal River diggings, where lie the prehistoric remains of a million years of human evolution.”</p><br>
<h2>Alluvial diamond diggings</h2><br>
<p>One of the hills in the vicinity of Canteen Kopje was the site of the first alluvial diamond diggings (as opposed to surface prospecting) on the Diamond Fields of South Africa, which precipitated the rush to these parts in 1870. Digging continued here until the early 1940s.</p><br>
<p>Batlhaping Kgosi (Chief) Jantjie Mothibi controlled, for as long as he could, the influx of white “diamond seekers” to the region. Prospectors were allowed to use sharp sticks, but were not permitted to “touch the ground with pick and shovel”. For their part, as noted by Jerome Babe in his 1872 book, The South African Diamond Fields, “Natives would form themselves in long lines, joined hand in hand, and walk slowly over the ground and look for diamonds, especially after rain; and if they found one they would take it to a trader... horses, wagons, cows, sheep, cash, goods, etc at a deuce of a pace”.</p><br>
<p>In January 1870 diggers from KwaZulu-Natal were working their way along the Vaal River, finding diamonds at Klipdrift, on the “Old Koppie”, upslope from Canteen Kopje. Using “pick and shovel, in spite of the natives”, they unearthed more, precipitating the diamond rush. Soon both banks of the Vaal River were thronging with diggers of many nationalities, and by the end of the year there were five thousand people at Klipdrift alone.</p><br>
<p>The diggers formed a Mutual Protection Association and elected Stafford Parker as their leader. Klipdrift was renamed Parkerton (from 1873 it was called Barkly West), and a Diggers’ Republic was proclaimed in November 1870.</p><br>
<p>A popular early cradle sieve for recovery of diamonds was the so-called “Long Tom”, which was reliant on large quantities of water. An improved version less dependent on water was developed by the American digger, author of The South African Diamond Fields, Jerome Babe. His ‘dry sifter’, known as the “Yankee Baby”, is still used in the twenty first century by some small-scale diggers. At the time, its inventor was said to be “the first Babe to rock his own cradle”.</p><br>
<p>The centrifugal or rotary washing machine – now standard on diggings in the area – is more sophisticated. In a slurry, a concentrate of heavy diamond-bearing deposit is separated from lighter waste.</p><br>
<p>Diggers staked their claims near the river, and dug the gravel where it was exposed at or near the surface. Where the gravel was buried deeper under silt and sand - such as at Canteen Kopje - large pits were dug. From these and from vertical shafts, the diggers tunnelled out precarious passageways in which a man could hardly stand.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The sequence of geological deposits in the vicinity of Canteen Kopje comprises:</p><br>
<p>Resistant 2 800 million year old andesitic lavas of the Ventersdorp Supergroup, underlying the entire area.</p><br>
<p>Thin patches of circa 280 million year old basal Karoo Sequence sediments made up of tillite and shale locally.</p><br>
<p>Shallow remnants of 19-17 million year old Older Gravels on the tops and upper slopes of adjacent hills.</p><br>
<p>Up to circa 10m thickness of &gt;0.5 to 1.7 million year old Younger Gravels formed largely from rock debris washed from adjacent hillsides.</p><br>
<p>Up to 4m thick reddish windblown Hutton Sands that accumulated during drier intervals since about 0.3-0.5 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>Diamonds at or near Canteen Kopje are confined to the Older and Younger Gravels. Around 90-120 million years ago, a swarm of volcanic pipes, centred on Kimberley to the east, brought diamond-bearing kimberlite to a higher surface formed of Karoo Sequence sediments. Subsequent erosion has lowered the entire regional landscape by over 1200 metres and in the process the diamonds were released from their host rock. It has been estimated that at least 50 million carats of diamonds were set free in this way from the five kimberlite pipes in the vicinity of Kimberley alone. Most of those were flushed away to the sea long ago in past and present river channels, but along the way some were trapped in alluvial deposits such as the Older and Younger Gravels along rivers in this region.</p><br>
<h2>Recognition of archaeological significance</h2><br>
<p>Earlier Stone Age artefacts were noted in the area by Colonel James Henry Bowker and Mary Elizabeth Barber at the time of the earliest diamond diggings. Eminent prehistorians including C. van Riet Lowe, the French prehistorian, the Abbé Henri Breuil and J. Desmond Clark visited and described it. Breuil was here in 1929 and again in the 1940s, when he famously noted that "not only are there enough specimens to fill a museum to overflowing but to build it of them also."</p><br>
<h2>Preserved and almost lost</h2><br>
<p>On account both of the mining history as well as the finding of Acheulean artefacts at this spot, a 10 morgen portion of Canteen Kopje was declared a National Monument (since 2000 known as a provincial heritage site) in 1948. Mining recommenced in the vicinity in the 1990s and Canteen Kopje was nearly lost. Pressure was exerted for the site to be de-proclaimed as a heritage site, to allow for renewed diamond digging and ‘empowerment’ of small scale miners. The local community recognised the value of conserving heritage and supported the efforts of the then National Monuments Council and the McGregor Museum to preserve the site, which was then developed as an open-air museum. The new Barkly West Museum was created at the same time.</p><br>
<p>Renewed threat was experienced in 2016. In 2014 the Department of Minerals (DMR) issued a permit for mining to take place on part of the declared site. The South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) was alerted and in response, because of the existing formal declaration, a Cease Works Order was put in place to prevent mining from taking place. Pressure was exerted however and in March 2016 the Cease Works Order was lifted, following which, on 16 March 2016, a diamond mining operation commenced work by fencing off an area around that for which they have a DMR mining permit. Public access to the remainder of the heritage site was blocked. Section 27(18) of the National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) (Act 25 of 1999) states that: "No person may destroy, damage, deface, excavate, alter, remove from its original position, subdivide or change the planning status of any heritage site without a permit issued by the heritage resources authority responsible for the protection of such site." Section 51. (1) of the NHRA states that: "Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, any person who contravenes— (a) sections 27(18), 29(10), 32(13) or 32(19) is guilty of an offence and liable to a fine or imprisonment or both such fine and imprisonment as set out in item 1 of the Schedule." Since the mining concern has commenced mining operations without such a permit issued by SAHRA, it is clearly in contravention of an Act of the Republic of South Africa and therefore is guilty of an offence.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological and geological investigations from the 1990s</h2><br>
<p>Excavations in the late 1990s were carried out by Peter Beaumont of the McGregor Museum. John McNabb from the University of Southampton worked with Beaumont in analysing the Acheulean stone artefact technology. Further excavations have been carried out by archaeologists from the University of the Witwatersrand (inter alia for application of cosmogenic nuclide burial dating) and the University of Toronto. The current active programme of research has yielded an as yet unpublished basal date of some 2.3 million years, while excavations involving students from the Sol Plaatje University in Kimberley investigate the most recent circa 19th century contact period archaeology showing interaction between local communities and colonial diggers.</p><br>
<p>Crucial to the interpretation of the archaeology of the site, is an understanding of site formation in relation to the adjacent hill and the Vaal River which at different periods cut down first to the north of the site and then the south west.</p><br>
<p>In 2007-9 a 7-metre sequence through Hutton Sands and Gravels was excavated to carry out dating and a detailed analysis of the lithic profile. There is a marked Victoria West Acheulean horizon (named for the town in the Karoo where these stone tools were first described) in the upper part of the gravels, subject to a current Southampton PhD project. The lower part of the sequence contains simpler, older Acheulean technology.</p><br>
<p>Later Stone Age material at and just below the surface has been studied in two excavations by archaeologists from the University of the Witwatersrand and Toronto.</p><br>
<h2>Canteen Kopje Skull</h2><br>
<p>The Canteen Kopje Skull was found in the vicinity in 1925 by diamond digger Kenneth Kemp, working 2.4 m down at an unrecorded locality at Canteen Kopje. A number of fitting skull fragments were presented by Kemp to the magistrate J.G. van Alphen, who in turn donated them to the McGregor Museum. They were studied soon afterwards by Robert Broom, who described it in Nature in 1929.</p><br>
<p>In Broom’s reconstruction, the skull appeared to have features similar to an allegedly archaic skeleton found at Boskop near Johannesburg. In 2011-12 X-ray Computerised Tomography scans of the skull, carried out at the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation near Pretoria, suggested it falls within the range of variation of Khoe-San populations of the Holocene (last 12 000 years), and is not ‘archaic’ as Broom had suggested. Reconsideration of the evidence also points to it having come from the Hutton Sands and not the Younger Gravels, as previously presumed.</p><br>
<p>Saint Bernard&#39;s Seminary is a historic former Roman Catholic seminary complex located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. The seminary closed in 1981. Between 1982 and 1992 the property was owned by Kodak. It was eventually sold to a private developer and is now a senior citizen residential complex.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The campus of Saint Bernard&#39;s is a group of four interconnected buildings designed by noted Rochester architects Warner & Brockett and built between 1891 and 1908. The four buildings are the Center or Main Building (1891–1893), the Chapel (1891–1893), the South Building or Philosophy Hall (1900), and the North Building or Theology Hall (1908). All four buildings use Medina Sandstone in their construction and share a Victorian Gothic style of architecture with stone walls and brick trim.</p><br>
<p>Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>St. Bernard&#39;s Seminary front.jpgMain building</p><br>
<p>St. Bernard&#39;s Seminary north wing.jpgNorth building</p><br>
<p>St. Bernard&#39;s Seminary south wing.jpgSouth building</p><br>
<p>St. Bernard&#39;s Seminary tower.jpgTower</p><br>
<p>The Roos House in Natchez, Mississippi was built in 1905. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination provided a strong recommendation for the significance of the house:</p><br>
<p>The Roos House is one of the finest examples of early twentieth-century residential architecture in Natchez. The Colonial Revival and Art Nouveau detailing of the house is so well and unusually executed that it sets the house apart from its contemporary Victorian counterparts. The house is also symbolic of the rise to prominence of the Jewish community in Natchez, a Southern town that was culturally, socially, intellectually, and economically dominated by its Jewish citizens from the post-Civil War years to the Great Depression.</p><br>
<p>The Passo del Turchino is a mountain pass located between the cities of Masone and Mele in the Italian region Liguria. It is known for its annual appearance in the classic one-day cycling race Milan–San Remo, and occasionally in other races.</p><br>
<p>While in the early days of Milan–San Remo the Turchino contributed to deciding the winner of the race, it is now not considered selective enough to break up a racing peloton.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On 19 May 1944, fifty-nine civilians were murdered by Germans in a mass execution nearby.</p><br>
<p>The episode is known as Strage del Turchino (Turchino massacre). This massacre was perpetrated as a retaliation following an attack from the Italian resistance when 5 German soldiers died.</p><br>
<h2>Details of the climb</h2><br>
<p>The climb can be accessed by three roads, with the approach from Mele the most common. Though the climb from this road features some gradients topping 10%, these stretches are very brief and the average gradient is only 4%. The total distance of the climb from this road is 546 metres.</p><br>
<p>Starting from Voltri, the climb&#39;s average gradient is slightly higher at 4.5%, but there are no sections higher than 7%. The 526 metres in this climb are thus realized with a more steady gradient.</p><br>
<p>The easiest road up the Turchino starts in Ovada, and only has sections of higher than 4% at the very end of the climb. The average gradient starting from Ovada is only 1.5%, and the climb takes just 373 metres.</p><br>
<h2>Usage in Milan–San Remo</h2><br>
<p>The Passo del Turchino has been used in Milan–San Remo every year it has been held except 2001 and 2002. Originally, the climb was quite selective, as for 14 out of the first 39 editions of the race, the man to the top of the Turchino first was the winner of the race. In 1910, there was so much snow on the Turchino that only four of the 63 riders who began the race finished it, and those who finished had to dismount and push their bikes through heavy snowdrifts at the top of the pass in order to get beyond it.</p><br>
<p>In recent years, the climb has not proven selective. The race almost inevitably ends with a mass sprint or a breakaway, formed after crossing the Turchino, comprising riders that would have otherwise been in the sprint.</p><br>
<h3>Milan–San Remo winners who also were the first over the Passo del Turchino</h3><br>
<p>The Passo del Turchino has also been used in the Giro d&#39;Italia, most recently in 2009, when Stefano Garzelli led the peloton over its summit.</p><br>
<p>The Cementerio Católico San Vicente de Paul  is a cemetery in the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico. It is the only cemetery in Puerto Rico with a group of niches built forming a basement, in which the burials occurred beneath ground level, thus giving the effect of a catacomb. The cemetery is named after Vincent de Paul , the French Roman Catholic priest who dedicated his life to serving the poor. It was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Cementerio Catolico San Vicente de Paul is located off Puerto Rico Route PR-123 in barrio Magueyes Urbano. PR-123 used to be signed PR-10, and this last route numbering might still be seen in some older documents about this cemetery. The cemetery is located on a site with a steep terrain gradient.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the turn of the 20th century the priests of San Vicente de Paul built a private Catholic cemetery in Ponce. The site was blessed and opened to the public during 1901. The wealthy families of the area bought plots for $60 and began to develop the cemetery with magnificent graves and mausoleums. Today, the cemetery is "squeezed" between sprawling urban residential developments that now fully surround it.</p><br>
<h2>Background and significance</h2><br>
<p>Ponce, located in the south coast of Puerto Rico, was one of the wealthiest settlements of the island at the turn of the 20th century. Given the status of area cemeteries at the time, the Catholic cemetery offered an exclusive precinct in which the rich could bury their dead. For this reason almost all the tombs are magnificent in their design, ornamentation, and construction. Some of the best examples of funerary architecture in Puerto Rico of the early 20th century period can be seen in this cemetery. Marble sculptures from Italy, Spain and other parts of Europe adorn many of the tombs. Most tombs are covered with Ponce&#39;s ubiquitous stylish pink marble as well.</p><br>
<p>The larger mausolea, which belong to the wealthiest families of southern Puerto Rico, are magnificent examples of monumental funerary architecture of the period. Some of the best examples are the mausolea of the Serralles, Mercado, Toro, and Valdivieso families.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery is unique among others in Puerto Rico: "A unique feature of the cemetery is a group of niches that were built forming a basement, in which the burials occurred beneath ground level, thus giving the effect of a catacomb".</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery has a simple entrance gate. It consists of an iron gate flanked by two masonry pilasters. Although Catholic, this cemetery never had a chapel by the entrance, or anywhere in the entire precinct.</p><br>
<p>The layout of the cemetery was done following the Spanish tradition of having two main axes forming a cross. The rest of the precinct&#39;s layout was done in a square grid fashion. The cemetery follows the contour lines of the steep site it is located on. As a results, some of the approach paths were built as stairs.</p><br>
<p>The main axis culminates with the pantheon for the priests of the Paul order. "In this truly monumental tomb, sculptural forms are integral part of architecture. An interesting feature in this design with double function is the baldachino, which protects not only the altar, but also the tomb. The baroque style of this structure can be appreciated in the free use of forms, its large scale and sweeping vistas, and the complexity of its composition."</p><br>
<p>The cemetery has a clear arrangement of larger tombs placed along the major central and secondary axes. The other graves then radiate from there. Many of these larger tombs are mausoleums in different architectural styles ranging from the classical revival to the art-deco.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The style of the cemetery is characterized more by its architectural than by its sculptural features. The quality of the construction is such that "it is considered the posthumous mansion" of those buried there. A considerable number of the mausoleum in this cemetery are made of marble, a testimony to the wealth of those interred there.</p><br>
<p>Of special significance for their architectural value are the Serralles family mausoleum composed of a central chaple raised over a raised plaza, the Mario Mercado Montalvo family mausoleum also over a raised plaza, and the Valdivieso family mausoleum. The Toro family mausoleum also presents a funerary chapel but it is not raised over a plaza nor is the Chardon family mausoleum.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>Many of these magnificent tombs have been abandoned after their owners moved corpses of their dead to the Cementerio Civil de Ponce. This was due in part to the high cost of maintenance and the strict regulations set by the administration. Under no condition would they allow a non-Catholic to be buried there. Some families did not want to be separated by this rule and moved their loved ones to the Civil Cemetery. As a result some graves have been abandoned and cannot be sold by the cemetery administration since they are private property and have a legal, albeit uninterested, owner.</p><br>
<p>The Church of Our Most Merciful Saviour, also known as the Santee Mission, built in 1884, is a historic Carpenter Gothic style Episcopal church located on the Missouri River in the Santee Indian Reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Although its side windows are not arched, it otherwise exhibits all the common features of Carpenter Gothic churches: board and batten siding, lancet windows on the front along with a circular rosette window, belfry tower on the side and main entrance on the side though the belfry tower.</p><br>
<p>On March 16, 1972, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places as the Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>It is one of two churches in Nebraska included in the Santee Mission of the Episcopal Diocese of South Dakota. It is served by the Rev. Mercy Hobbs and the Rev. David Hussey.</p><br>
<p>The Mary E. Surratt Boarding House in Washington, D.C. was the site of meetings of conspirators to kidnap and subsequently to assassinate USA President Abraham Lincoln. It was operated as a boarding house by Mary Surratt from September 1864 to April 1865.</p><br>
<h2>About the house</h2><br>
<p>The building, at 604 H Street NW, standing three-and-one-half stories tall, was constructed by Jonathan T. Walker in 1843. It has been described as being in the Early Republic or Federal style or in "vernacular Greek Revival" style. It stands on a lot measuring 29 x. The building is 23 ft wide, facing directly onto the sidewalk on south side of the street, and has a depth of 36 ft. The building was altered in 1925 so that the first floor could be used as a commercial space.</p><br>
<p>John Surratt purchased the house from Augustus A. Gibson on December 6, 1853, and operated it as a boarding house. After her husband died in 1862, Mary Surratt chose to rent her tavern/residence in nearby Surrattsville, Maryland, to John M. Lloyd, a former Washington, D.C., policeman and Confederate sympathizer, and moved into the Washington boarding house.</p><br>
<p>In 1865, the military tribunal trying the conspirators of Lincoln&#39;s assassination heard testimony from residents at the boarding house that Surratt had regularly met with John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln conspirators at the house. Lloyd told the tribunal that he had been told by Surratt to provide field glasses and guns to Booth and co-conspirator David Herold. It was on the basis of this evidence that Surratt was convicted and sentenced to death. For her role as a member of the Abraham Lincoln assassination conspiracy plot, she became the first woman to be executed by the United States federal government. She was executed by hanging.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on August 11, 2009. The listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service&#39;s weekly list of August 28, 2009.</p><br>
<p>In April, 2011 the house gained some attention with the release of a film about Mary Surratt, The Conspirator by director Robert Redford., the commercial space is used as a restaurant, with karaoke rooms available.</p><br>
<p>Lake Barombi Mbo or Barombi-ma-Mbu is a lake near Kumba in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. It is located in the Cameroon volcanic chain, and is the largest volcanic lake in this region. It is one of the oldest radiocarbon-dated lakes in Africa. On old colonial maps the area was known as Elefanten Sea , but the elephants living in the area were extirpated due to ivory trading.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Until now, 15 species of fishes have been recorded from the lake. Among others, this includes Labeobarbus batesii, a member of the Fundulopanchax mirabilis group, and the endemic catfish Clarias maclareni. Perhaps most noteworthy are the 11 species of cichlids that are endemic to the lake (Konia spp., Stomatepia spp., Myaka myaka, Pungu maclareni, Sarotherodon caroli, S. linnellii, S. lohbergeri, and S. steinbachi). These cichlids are commonly recognized as a prime example of sympatric speciation, but studies indicate that they were not the result of a single founding event.</p><br>
<p>All the endemic fish are seriously threatened by pollution and sedimentation from human activities. They are potentially also threatened by large emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the lake&#39;s bottom (compare Lake Nyos), although studies indicate that Barombo Mbo lacks excess amounts of this gas. Commercial fishing is forbidden in the lake. Additionally, the lake has an endemic species of sponge (Corvospongilla thysi), and an endemic species of shrimp (Caridina sp.).</p><br>
<p>The Episcopal Church of the Advent / St. Johns Chapel is an historic Carpenter Gothic style Episcopal church building located at Franklin and Washington streets in Cape May, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States. Its board and batten siding, steep roofs, lancet windows and rose window are distinguishing features of Carpenter Gothic style architecture, although it lacks the usual belfry tower front entrance. Designed by architect Henry Sims, it was built by Richard Soder beginning in 1865 for St. Johns Chapel, a summer chapel, which had been organized two years earlier. It was not consecrated, however, until 1871.</p><br>
<p>In 1950 St. Johns merged with the Episcopal Church of the Advent, which had been formed in 1899 to serve the needs of local Episcopalians during the other three seasons of the year. The new congregation took the name Episcopal Church of the Advent / St. Johns Chapel. It is an active parish in the Episcopal Diocese of New Jersey. Its rector is the Rev. Dr. John P. Mitchell and its deacon is the Rev. Daniel Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Episcopal Church of the Advent / St. John&#39;s Chapel is a contributing property in the Cape May Historic District, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970.</p><br>
<p>The Delaware County Courthouse is located at 91 North Sandusky Street in Delaware, Ohio. The courthouse was placed on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Delaware County was established in 1807 by an act of the Ohio General Assembly. The county seat was placed at Berkshire until 1808 when Delaware was founded and successfully petitioned to be the county seat. The courts met in various locations until a courthouse was built in 1815. The building cost the county $8,000 and was a simple one story building. The building contained fire walls to protect the structure from burning, but a fire struck the building towards the end of the 1800s forcing the county to rent a different location.</p><br>
<p>A new courthouse was chosen and planned in 1868 in the Italianate style and designed by Robert N. Jones. The courthouse cost the county $80,000 to build. In 1996, the county renovated the courthouse for six months at a cost of $500,000.</p><br>
<p>The county is faced with a growing population and a new Justice Center is currently under construction. That building is scheduled for completion and occupancy in August or September of 2017. The General and Domestic Relations Divisions of the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas will move to the new building as will the Public Defender&#39;s Office, the Delaware County Clerk of Courts, the adult probation office, and a meeting room for the grand jury. The county has announced plans to renovate the historic courthouse, and a facilities use study is underway to determine which county offices will occupy the building once renovated.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The square two-story structure is built of red bricks. The main facade contains a central projection capped with a pediment. The door sits in a recessed alcove and is contained within an arch faced with stone blocks. A window above contains two thin arched windows within an arched recess. To either side of the projection are two arched windows, the lower windows being shorter with squat arches and the top floor containing longer fully arched windows. Each window is surrounded by decorative stone casings. The hipped roof rises to a central square drum supporting a dome topped by a statue of Justice. A wrought iron railing runs around the drum and arched windows light the floors below.</p><br>
<p>The Cambridge Historic District is located in an irregular pattern along streets in the village of Cambridge in Washington County, New York. It is a 105 acre area reflecting the extent of the village when it was first incorporated in the 1860s and its subsequent development in the years the Rice Seed Company, largest in the world at the time, was located here.</p><br>
<p>Many of the districts 240 buildings date to the 19th century, with a few 18th-century structures and modern intrusions. Among its contributing properties are the Rice Seed Companys headquarters, a late Victorian opera house and a church with Tiffany interiors and stained glass windows. In 1978 it was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1978, it included 198 contributing buildings and one other contributing site.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The district is built around the axis of East and West Main Streets (NY 372 west of North and South Park Street (NY 22), and Washington County Route 67 east of it to just beyond Gilbert Street (NY 313)), and North and South Union Streets (also the dividing line between the towns of Cambridge and White Creek). Some adjacent buildings with addresses on cross streets of Main, including North and South Park Street (NY 22), that front on Main, are included.</p><br>
<p>The area is mostly flat, reflecting the nearby presence of the Owl Kill, a tributary of the Hoosic River which flows through the district in a controlled channel at a small park on the south side of West Main between Pearl Street and Memorial Drive. The tracks of the former Delaware and Hudson Railroad run through the district along Railroad Avenue, dividing Main Street into east and west. The land is densely developed. Most of its buildings are frame houses.</p><br>
<p>Commercial buildings in the district are concentrated on the blocks of West Main between Pearl and Park, and again at the Union Street intersection. There is plenty of residential infill on Main, and a few churches. The 16 non-contributing modern properties within the district are commercial and governmental properties such as a gas station, supermarket and post office, mostly on Main Street near the two major intersections.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The settlement of the future village began in the 1760s, after the resolution of the French and Indian War had made it safe to settle in the previously contested frontier area north of Albany. In 1761, Cadwallader Colden, the colony&#39;s surveyor general and acting governor, was involved in the purchase of the Cambridge Patent, part of which was soon conveyed to a group of six partners, his son among them. The provisions of the purchase agreement required that governments be elected by the landowners, that one family for each 1,000 acres (400 ha) be settled and own land outright within the patent within three years, and that 200 acres (80 ha) be set aside for a minister and schoolmaster. These conditions made it possible for a democratic society of free landowners to develop on the patent.</p><br>
<p>The area was especially desirable for settlers because of the great extent of flat and arable terrain around the Owl Kill (although the creek could not be used for mills since it thus generated no power). Few records of the earliest settlement on the land exist because of the long dispute over the land between New York and neighboring Vermont. It is believed that many early settlers came from Scotland and Northern Ireland, because of the early success of the Presbyterian churches in the village.</p><br>
<p>After the Revolution, settlement increased again. The earliest surviving house in the district, and the village, is the Dorr-Randall House on East Main Street, built in 1779. It is one of several proto-Federal style houses from this postwar period scattered around the district. An academy was organized in 1800. It no longer remains, but its boarding house on West Main has been converted into apartments.</p><br>
<p>As the 19th century progressed, three distinct settlements emerged within the area: Cambridge, Dorr Corners and North White Creek, all around crossroads. Early turnpikes connected them with markets to the south, near today&#39;s Troy, and at Burlington in the north. Flax and sheep farming were introduced, providing raw material for early textile mills in the nearby cities and small towns like Hoosick Falls and Bennington.</p><br>
<p>The Champlain Canal improved these connections in 1825. It provided enough of an economic stimulus that two new churches could be built: a Methodist church in 1838 (rebuilt in 1861) at 47 East Main, and the village&#39;s Baptist church, at 3 West Main, in 1844.</p><br>
<p>Almost three decades later, in 1852, the Troy and Rutland Railroad was built through the town, and a station established at the center of the then-hamlet of North White Creek. Fourteen years later, the three decided to merge into the village of Cambridge. For this reason many of the village&#39;s streets intersect at odd angles, even today.</p><br>
<p>The years that followed were the villages economic peak, as reflected by the mid-century architecture of most of its houses. Another church, St. Lukes, was built in the year of incorporation, with a Tiffany interior and windows. The railroad led to some industrial development, and the construction of Hubbard Hall at 25 West Main in 1878 reflected Cambridges new importance. The strongest catalyst for development was the establishment of the Rice Seed Companys headquarters in the village in 1879. Its warehouse and accompanying office building, completed in 1895, are at 15 West Main. Founder Jerome Rice&#39;s home is across the street at 16 West Main.</p><br>
<p>By the turn of the century, Rice was the largest seed company in the world, employing 200 people locally. Over the 20th century, changes in the national and regional economies adversely affected Cambridge. Traffic on the canal slowed down, and in the middle of the century the Adirondack Northway was opened to the west in Saratoga County, displacing the canal as the region&#39;s main transportation artery. Rice closed in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Significant contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Dorr-Randall House, 151 East Main Street. Built in 1779 for a prominent local physician, its intricate carved ornamentation indicates an owner of considerable economic means for the time. It is considered one of the finest Federal style buildings in the county.</p><br>
<p>Hubbard Hall, also known as the Old Opera House, 25 West Main Street. One of Cambridge&#39;s major landmarks, this Second Empire building was constructed for theatrical performances in 1878. Still in use as a cultural center.</p><br>
<p>Rice Seed Company Warehouse and Office Building, 15 West Main Street. Cambridge&#39;s major employer of the late 19th century built the warehouse in 1879 and the office in 1895.</p><br>
<p>St. Lukes Church, 4 St. Lukes Place. This 1866 church features Tiffany interior work and windows.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Unlike most other municipalities with historic districts in the state, Cambridge has not done anything specific in its zoning to preserve the district&#39;s historic character. There is no separate board or commission charged with the task. In 2009 it adopted a new zoning code which recognizes several different types of residential uses within the village and provides for a future historic overlay district.</p><br>
<p>Ross Island is a claw-shaped peninsula in Killarney National Park, County Kerry. Copper extraction on the site is believed to be the source of the earliest known Irish Pre-Bronze Age metalwork, namely copper axe heads, halberds and knife/dagger blades dating from 2,400 - 2,200 BC. These finds have been distributed throughout Ireland and in the West of Britain - in South Britain the metalwork was imported from across the Channel.</p><br>
<p>The archaeology of the site has unearthed both mining operations and a smelting camp where the Copper ore was processed into a type of metal distinctive enough to be traced these early tools. As there is no evidence that the complex technology had developed spontaneously, this early metallurgy would indicate contacts with mainland Europe - in particular, extending along the coastline from Spain through Normandy. The Ross island operation was associated with beaker pottery and continued until ca 1,900 BC</p><br>
<p>The Henry J. Wheeler Farm is one of the few remaining late 19th century farmsteads in the Salt Lake Valley that have not been lost to expanding housing developments of metropolitan Salt Lake City. Listed on the National Register of Historical Places since 1976, it is situated on 75 acre in Murray, Utah. The historic complex includes an adobe and brick home and several outbuildings, all constructed in 1898. There are, in addition to the home, a granary, ice house, chicken house, and work shed. A barn, also built in 1898, burned down in 1973. Together, this complex of buildings, along with the fences, trees, stream, ice ponds, roads, constitutes one of the few complete and operating historic farmsteads in the county. It is currently operated as the Wheeler Historic Farm by the Salt Lake County Parks and Recreation Department.</p><br>
<p>The farm was established by Henry J. Wheeler, the third son of English Mormon converts, who came to Utah in 1852. Born February 18, 1866, Henry grew up on his father’s farm in the South Cottonwood (now Murray) area. In 1886, at the age of twenty, he married Sariah Pixton and established his own farm in the vicinity of his father&#39;s farm. The present brick home and several outbuildings were constructed in 1898 by Sid Gills and Hans Yorgensen. A Mr. Hayes, employed by the Sugar House Lumber Company, was the carpenter for the interior woodwork. The home, according to the 1902 publication, Biographical Record of Salt Lake City and Vicinity, "...was planned by Mrs. Wheeler and reflects great credit upon her knowledge of architecture, as it is not only homelike and convenient, but one of the prettiest little farm houses to be found in the county.”</p><br>
<p>The House was built upon a granite foundation, the interior walls were made of adobe, much of which was taken from a previous residence, while the exterior walls were of ochre brick, later painted white. The Wheeler home is Victorian in style. The building is roughly "L" shaped and has an entry tower at the nexus of the L, there were eleven rooms in the house. The bottom floor had a pantry, kitchen-dining area, and formal dining room, bathroom, living room, parlor, large staircase and hall. Upstairs were four bedrooms with walk-in closets and one large central storage closet. The interior was distinguished by its fine fireplaces, high ceilings, cherry and oak woodworking and staircase.</p><br>
<p>In 1969 Salt Lake County purchased the 75 acre which comprise today’s farm. Wheeler Historic Farm was placed on both the Utah State and National register of Historic Places in 1976. Originally started as a 1976 project of the United States Bicentennial of the American Revolution, the restored museum farm evolved into several buildings including a blacksmith shop, store, and reconstructed barn. An amphitheatre was installed in the 1980s, followed by a large "activity barn" in the 1990s that would function as a multi-purpose center. In the 2000s, Salt Lake County purchased remaining farmland south of the farm to create South Cottonwood Regional Park. Wheeler Farm is fully functional with farm animals and crops that are overseen by Utah State University&#39;s outreach programs. Granite School District uses the farm as an agricultural classroom for some of its vocational programs.</p><br>
<p>The Confusion Range is a north-south trending mountain range in west-central Utah, United States. It is bounded by Snake Valley to the west, Tule Valley to the east, the Great Salt Lake Desert to the north, and the Ferguson Desert to the south. The range trends into the Burbank Hills, Mountain Home Range, and the Wah Wah Mountains to the south. In the central part of the range, an offshoot of the mountains to the west is known as the Conger Range. The Confusion Range is named for its "rugged isolation and confusing topography."</p><br>
<p>The highest peaks in the range are Conger Mountain 39.23328&deg;N latitude, 113.700817&deg;W longitude, which is 7,713 feet tall, and King Top 38.910000&deg;N latitude, 113.529666&deg;W longitude, which is 8,350 feet tall.</p><br>
<p>The geology of the Confusion range is deformed Silurian to Permian limestones, dolomites, and shales.</p><br>
<p>There are three main ways to travel through the Confusion Range:</p><br>
<p>Around the north end, from Callao, Utah to Sand Pass</p><br>
<p>On old Highway 6/50, on a dirt road through Cowboy Pass</p><br>
<p>On US Highway 6/US Highway 50, through Kings Canyon (Utah)</p><br>
<p>The Capertee Valley is a large valley in New South Wales, Australia, 135 km north-west of Sydney.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The valley follows the Capertee River as it cuts through the Sydney Basin, a sedimentary basin consisting of Permian and Triassic sedimentary rock west of the Blue Mountains.</p><br>
<p>The original inhabitants of the land surrounding the valley were the Aboriginal Wiradjuri people.</p><br>
<p>One of the most prominent features of the valley is Pantony&#39;s Crown, a sandstone butte that is now part of the Gardens of Stone National Park. Parts of the valley are also included in the Wollemi National Park, the second-largest national park in New South Wales. The only population centre of any kind is the village of Glen Davis, which includes a camp-site and often serves as a starting-point for bushwalks around the Capertee River and other parts of the Wollemi National Park.</p><br>
<p>The Capertree Valley has been noted to be the second largest (in terms of width) of any Canyon in the world.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The valley is classified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because it is the most important breeding site for the endangered regent honeyeater. It also supports populations of the painted honeyeater, rockwarbler, swift parrot, plum-headed finch and diamond firetail.</p><br>
<p>In the US published book Fifty Places to Go Birding Before You Die, author Chris Santella lists Capertee Valley as one of only two locations in Australia selected in his top 50 world bird watching locations.</p><br>
<p>The Cordenio Severance House is a mansion in Cottage Grove, Minnesota, United States, built for attorney Cordenio Severance . The mansion, also known as Cedarhurst, was first built as a simple country farm house shortly after the American Civil War. It was expanded in 1886 to serve as the summer residence of the Severance family. Between 1911 and 1917, additions designed by noted architect Cass Gilbert expanded the house into a mansion with 12,000 ft&sup2; and 26 rooms. The Cordenio Severance House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 for its local significance in the themes of architecture and law. It was nominated for its association with Cordenio Severance, a leading attorney in Saint Paul, Minnesota, from 1887 to the 1920s, and for being an example of a grand country estate. The mansion now serves as an event venue.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Cordenio Severance House has two Neoclassical columned porticos, a 100 ft veranda, a formal ballroom with a pipe organ, three fireplaces, and an English rose garden.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Cordenio Severance was well-connected politically. Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and William Howard Taft all visited the mansion, and Central Intelligence Agency meetings were once held in the library. The mansion also hosted international policy meetings.</p><br>
<p>The house is now owned by True Thao and his family. They have restored the mansion, which hosts weddings, receptions, and business meetings.</p><br>
<p>The USA Post Office in Hoosick Falls, New York, is located on Main Street a block south of downtown. It is a brick building erected in the mid-1920s, serving the 12090 ZIP Code, which covers the village of Hoosick Falls and surrounding portions of the Town of Hoosick.</p><br>
<p>It took the government nine years to build after the land was acquired. One of several similar post offices in New York built at that time, it has retained its historic integrity better than some of the others. In 1988 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the only post office in Rensselaer County besides Troy&#39;s with that distinction.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The post office is located two blocks from downtown Hoosick Falls, just outside the villages historic district. It is also located on the west side of Main Street, across from a small park and Hoosick Fallss village hall. A three-story mixed-use building, a contributing property to the historic district, is to the north. To the south, on the opposite corner of a small street, is a residence converted to commercial use. The post office&#39;s parking lot is on its west, with a small strip of lawn and flagpole between it and Main on the east. The ground slopes gently to the west.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-story, five-by-five-bay building of wire-cut brick, rectangular with a non-contributing loading dock added to the rear. Its raised foundation is also brick, with a stone water table. At the roofline a limestone cornice is topped with a brick parapet with limestone balusters above the front bays.</p><br>
<p>The east (front) facade has a centrally located main entrance flanked by two windows on either side set in shallow arched recesses. The entrance has a modern aluminum double door with original wooden transom inside a pair of fluted limestone Ionic pilasters topped by a plain entablature in which "USA POST OFFICE HOOSICK FALLS, N.Y. 12090" is carved. Two small windows are on either side. Above it is a denticulated triangular limestone pediment. Concrete steps with iron railings lead up to the entrance, with a wheelchair ramp coming in from the north.</p><br>
<p>On the north and south, the center bays have paired windows with segmental arches and brick lintels. The corner windows are identical to those on the front. Window wells let light into the basement. The rear has three original windows and the flat-roofed central wing with the loading platform.</p><br>
<p>Inside, the lobby, reached through a long vestibule with bulletin boards, is minimally decorated. The mosaic tile floor is white with a green border. Above black marble baseboards, the walls have wooden wainscoting rising to a plaster cornice at the high ceiling. Two single-paned windows with top and bottom pivots are located just below the ceiling. There are two original wooden tables with glass tops.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1913 Congress authorized the construction of the new post office in Hoosick Falls, which had grown extensively during a late-19th century period of industrialization as factories and textile mills tapped the power of the Hoosic River flowing through the village. It had previously been in rented quarters on Church Street (NY 22), a block from its current location.</p><br>
<p>The authorization was followed by approriations in the next Congresses, through 1919, making a total of $80,000 ($ in contemporary dollars) available. After the first one, the federal government purchased the land in 1916 for $13,451 ($ in contemporary dollars).</p><br>
<p>It took seven years until the post office was designed in 1923. Construction began the following year, and the new building was opened in 1925. The design is credited to the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore, and chief architect Louis A. Simon.</p><br>
<p>The Hoosick Falls post office is one of a group of six similar post offices built in New York State around the mid-1920s. They all show the strong classical influences on the style, with symmetrical front facades with recessed arcading and pediments and pilasters as ornamentation. Two of them — Owego and Waterloo — are listed on the Register as well, while the other three (Cohoes, Saranac Lake and Walden) are not due to loss of integrity. A similar design was used for the Lyons post office six years later.</p><br>
<p>In 1956, the loading dock was added to the rear. Other than that, there have been no other significant additions to the building.</p><br>
<p>The Frank Mason Raymond House  is a Tudor Revival house located in the Portage Lakes area of New Franklin, Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The 20-room, 2½ story, brick and stucco mansion sits on 5.8 acres, adjacent to Portage Lakes State Park, and has 335 ft of frontage on the west shore of Turkeyfoot Lake.</p><br>
<p>It is a distinctive example of the Tudor Revival style of architecture, with its arched doorways, carved wood staircase, prominent Tudor arch fireplace with oak paneling, and exposed beams in the living room.</p><br>
<p>The exterior also reflects Tudor design in its gabled front entry with stone trim, massive stone and brick chimneys, slate roof with prominent cross gables, and copper gutters. The gardens include an embanked grotto, constructed of stone.</p><br>
<p>The Frank Mason Raymond House was constructed and given to Raymond and his wife, the former Zeletta Robinson, as a wedding present from his grandfather, Frank H. Mason, who was a senior executive of the B. F. Goodrich Company and had his large summer mansion adjacent to this house. The mansion, which once housed a nursing home, has since been torn down. The couple were married on December 28, 1927, and lived at Mason&#39;s neighboring mansion, Brighton Farms, for the 13 months while their home was being built. They continued to live at the Tudor House until they built a home in Bath Township.</p><br>
<p>Consisting of 1,700 acres, Brighton Farms was one of the largest estates in the Lakes area. In 1954, 500 acres of the estate were sold to the State of Ohio for the Portage Lakes State Park.</p><br>
<p>The Tudor House was later rented by Goodrich Vice-President, George Vaught, and his family. Then, in 1943, prominent Akron jeweler Henry B. Ball and his wife, Helen, bought the mansion. They lived there for 25 years with their children, Skip and Betty (Mrs. Dick Walter). Betty was married at the mansion.</p><br>
<p>From 1968 to 1974, Akron contractor Robert Fabbro and his family of six children occupied the mansion. In 1974, it was sold to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.</p><br>
<p>In July 1977, a 50-year lease was signed with the State for the facilities to be used as a civic center. Under the direction of the Franklin Park Civic Center Commission, it is the site of numerous community activities.</p><br>
<p>The Foreign Mission School was an educational institution which existed between 1817 and 1826 in Cornwall, Connecticut. It was established by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions to bring Christianity and Western culture to non-White people by educating missionaries of their own culture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school was called a seminary at the time, "for the purpose of educating youths of Heathen nations, with a view to their being useful in their respective countries" according to Jedidiah Morse.</p><br>
<p>The school was established in the last few months of 1816, and opened in May 1817. The first principal was Edwin Welles Dwight (1789–1841). After the first year, Dwight was replaced by Reverend Herman Daggett (1789–1832) who ran the school for the next six years.</p><br>
<p>Daggett was nephew of Naphtali Daggett who had been president of Yale College, and Dwight was distant cousin of the Yale president in 1817, Timothy Dwight IV.</p><br>
<p>Approximately one hundred young men from non-European indigenous peoples were trained at the school with the intent of their becoming missionaries, preachers, translators, teachers, and health workers in their native communities.</p><br>
<p>According to Morse,</p><br>
<p>From its founding, the school rapidly became a symbol of American Christianitys Second Great Awakening, and connected the small farm town of Cornwall in Connecticuts Litchfield Hills to the early 19th centurys clash of civilizations, as epitomized by the Trail of Tears, the conversion of Hawaii to Protestantism, and the worldwide Christian missionary movement. Cornwall had been chosen for the schools location due to the devoutness of the residents and their consequent willingness to donate their efforts, money, and property to a devout cause, as well as their reputation as hard-working people of good character.</p><br>
<p>Henry Opukahaia, the school&#39;s first pupil, was an 18-year-old Native Hawaiian abandoned in New Haven, Connecticut in 1810 by his ship. He traveled widely to promote the school, but died in Cornwall in 1818 at 26 before he could return home. He recruited four more Hawaiians, including one who called himself "George Prince" with a record of fighting in the War of 1812, and the school printed a pamphlet with their stories to raise money. Samuel F. B. Morse, son of Jedidiah, painted their portraits. Other students came from distant countries as well as many Native American tribes, bringing 24 different native languages.</p><br>
<p>In its first year, the school had twelve students; seven Hawaiians, one Hindu, one Bengali, a Native American, and two Anglo-Americans. By the second year, there were twenty-four; four Cherokee, two Choctaw, one Abenaki, two Chinese, two Malays, one Bengali, one Hindu, six Hawaiians, and two Marquesans, as well as three Anglo-Americans.</p><br>
<p>The students followed a demanding schedule befitting the devout mission of the school, doing field work in the time unoccupied by their mandatory church attendance, prayer, and 7 hours of daily coursework. The program of study included astronomy, calculus, theology, geography, chemistry, navigation and surveying, French, Greek, and Latin, in addition to practical courses such as blacksmithing and coopering.</p><br>
<p>In time, as the pendulum of public opinion began to build doubt about the purpose of the school, support began to wane; it never came to a head, however, before the marriages of two Cherokee students to local girls and the potential marriages of other such couples caused negative reactions among both the local residents and the members of the Native American tribes who sent their sons there, and it was closed in 1826 or 1827.</p><br>
<h2>Native American students</h2><br>
<p>Principal Daggett observed in a letter to Morse that, in contrast to the Native American students, three of the students from the Pacific Islands had become ill and "fallen a sacrifice", which he assigned to the climate; he mused that "it is probable, that Divine Providence intends this school to be chiefly useful to the Aborigines of this country." And in fact, sons of some of the most prominent Native American leaders of the time (many of mixed ancestry) received their education at the Foreign Mission School, later becoming distinguished members of their nations. Three Cherokees and a Choctaw came to the school in the fall of 1818. In his report, Morse stated that there were twenty-nine students in the school in 1820, half of whom were Native American boys from the principal families of five or six different tribes.</p><br>
<p>Some of the Native American students include:</p><br>
<p>David Brown, a Cherokee (one quarter white on his father&#39;s side) came from a prominent family, his half brother being a chief and judge. He assisted in developing a spelling book for the Cherokees as well as a Cherokee grammar. After leaving the school, he became a notable public speaker, studied Hebrew and divinity, and, after attending Andover became a prominent member of the Cherokee nation and served as clerk of a delegation to Congress.</p><br>
<p>James Fields, another Cherokee and a kinsman of Brown, did not distinguish himself academically, but spent his life "taking care of his considerable property."</p><br>
<p>Leonard Hicks was a son of Chief Charles Renatus Hicks, the first Cherokee convert to Christianity, and considered the most influential man in his nation. After he became homesick and left the school, Leonard served as clerk of the Cherokee nation.</p><br>
<p>Tah-wah (renamed David Carter) was a grandson of Nathaniel Carter of Killingworth and Cornwall; his father (also named Nathaniel Carter) was taken as a child after his parents were killed during the Wyoming Valley massacre in Pennsylvania c.1763. His sisters were ransomed back to family in CT, but Nathaniel remained with the tribe for the rest of his life, marrying a Cherokee woman. David was dismissed from the school for reasons related to the scandal of Cherokee men marrying white women (see Boudinot & Gold and Ridge & Northrup); he attained prominence, however, became editor of the Cherokee Phoenix newspaper and a judge of the Supreme Court. He lived for a time in Goshen, Connecticut, apparently with his aunt. He died about 1863.</p><br>
<p>John Vann, the son of a white man, Clement Vann and his Native American wife Mary Christiana who converted to Christianity, attended the school from 1820 to 1822. He became editor of the Cherokee Phoenix newspaper.</p><br>
<p>McKee Folsom and Israel Folsom, the sons of a white man, Nathaniel Folsom, were the first Choctaws listed as attending the school, from 1818 to 1822. Their family was very prominent in the nation, and they assisted in arranging a Choctaw alphabet, preparing Choctaw school books, and translating the Scriptures to Choctaw.</p><br>
<p>Adin C. Gibbs, a Delaware (part white) from Pennsylvania, attended the school from 1818 to 1822. He later spent many years among the Choctaw as a teacher and missionary.</p><br>
<p>Holbochinto (renamed Robert Monroe), was a relative of Tally, Chief of the Osage Nation. He attended the school from 1824 to 1826, supported by the Foreign Mission Society.</p><br>
<p>Wah-che-oh-heh, (renamed Stephen Van Rensselaer after General Stephen Van Rensselaer III, who was also president of the United Foreign Mission Society which supported him) was also a relative of Tally; he attended the school from 1824 to 1825. He remained at Cornwall after the school closed, later attending Miami University. In 1832 he was one of five from the school to act as missionary helper. Afterwards, he served his tribe as a blacksmith and interpreter.</p><br>
<p>John Ridge, son of Major Ridge, commander of the Cherokees in the Seminole War, was a student at the school in 1819. Suffering from a problem with his hip, he was nursed for two years in the home of John P. Northrup, steward of the school; this led to his marriage to Sarah Bird Northrup in 1824, which was not well received by the local citizens. Ridge subsequently went on to become a prominent leader of the Cherokee nation.</p><br>
<p>Kul-le-ga-nah (renamed Buck Watie, then renamed Elias Boudinot after Elias Boudinot who sponsored him at the school in 1818) calculated the date of the lunar eclipse of August 2, 1822, using only the information supplied in his textbook. He became engaged to marry Cornwall local Harriet R. Gold in 1825. This was bitterly opposed by the bride&#39;s family and the citizens of Cromwell, who burned the couple in effigy. They went on to get married nevertheless.</p><br>
<p>Miles Mackey, a Choctaw (half white) who attended the school from 1823 to 1825, was dismissed "for a proposed matrimonial union", as was James Terrell an Osage.</p><br>
<p>The response to these marriages was negative among both the citizens of Cornwall and those of the Native American nations; in addition, some of the southern tribes became concerned that residence in the northern states was harming the health of the students sent there, and support for the school rapidly dwindled, until it was closed in 1826 or 1827.</p><br>
<p>The school was dramatized in an episode of the American Experience television series in 2009.</p><br>
<p>In 2014 Alfred A. Knopf published The Heathen School: A Story of Hope and Betrayal in the Age of the Early Republic, a historical narrative with modern perspectives and reporting by Yale historian John Demos. The Stewards House, the only relatively unaltered remnant of the schools historic Cornwall campus, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016 in recognition of the school&#39;s significance.</p><br>
<p>The Murray Downtown Historic District is located in the historic city center of Murray, Salt Lake County, Utah. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is significant for its association with the development, particularly economic and social, of the community from a rural outpost to an industrialized city with a remarkably urban core in its commercial district. Murray is one of only a few towns in Utah and the only community in the Salt Lake Valley, other than Salt Lake City, to have substantial mixed commercial/residential development with resident population living in the upper floors of commercial buildings. The population of Murrays urban center was remarkable for its integrated mix of Utah-born residents and recent immigrants attracted by the smelter industry. The tight urban streetscape along State Street between approximately 4800 South Street (formerly Murray Boulevard) and Vine Street is a distinctive reminder of the heyday of Murrays commercial importance in the south-central part of the valley. The district is also significant as an urban streetscape and for the architectural variety and quality of the individual buildings, three of which were individually listed on the National Register. Many of the buildings are particularly noteworthy as examples of the evolution of the modern Main Street, in Murrays case, State Street. Between the 1920s and 1950s, the storefronts of numerous buildings were updated to reflect the changes in Americas architectural tastes. The contributing buildings represent Murray&#39;s major historic construction phases, and have good integrity for the historic period, which ranges from 1897 to approximately 1956. The commercial business district is a companion to the Murray Downtown Residential Historic District, which abuts the business district on the east and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The district includes three buildings previously listed on the National Register of Historic</p><br>
<p>Places: the Warenski-Duvall Commercial Building and Apartments; the Iris Theater (Desert Star Theater), Apartments, and Commercial Building; and the Murray Theater.</p><br>
<p>The Forest Dale Historic District is located in the southeastern part of Salt Lake City, Utah and is roughly bounded by 700 East, Interstate 80, Commonwealth Avenue, and 900 East. It includes the "cohesive core" of the Forest Dale Subdivision platted in 1890, as well as the larger Town of Forest Dale, which was incorporated on January 6, 1902, disincorporated in the fall of 1912, and reabsorbed into the city of Salt Lake City. Both the subdivision and town were created by George Mousley Cannon , a member of the Cannon family, a prominent Intermountain West political family. The land for Forest Dale was originally Forest Farm, which Cannon had bought in 1889 from the estate of Brigham Young. Despite being bordered on 2 sides by major traffic corridors and on a third by a major arterial highway, the district "maintains its historic "inner-ring" suburban quality due to its tree-lined streets, uniform setbacks, and the similarity of scale in the housing stock." Forest Dale Golf Course is just southeast across I-80, and Fairmont Park is just to the east, separating Forest Dale from downtown Sugar House. The S Line  includes two stops near Forest Dale and Parley&#39;s Trail runs along the streetcar line. The streetcar and trail opened in late 2013 and early 2014, respectively.</p><br>
<p>On April 23, 2009, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). One of the most significant buildings in the district is the George M. Cannon House, which is listed separately on the NRHP.</p><br>
